home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
| Unknown | 1992-06-06 | 180.2 KB |
open in: 
MacOS 8.1
|
Win98
|
DOS
view JSON data
|
view as text
This file was not able to be converted.
This format is not currently supported by dexvert.
| Confidence | Program | Detection | Match Type | Support
|
|---|
| 66%
| dexvert
| OS/2 Installation Package (archive/os2InstallPackage)
| ext
| Supported |
| 1%
| dexvert
| BeOS Installation Package (archive/beOSInstallPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
| 1%
| dexvert
| Newton Package (archive/newtonPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
| 1%
| dexvert
| Independence War 2 mod Package (other/independenceWar2ModPackage)
| ext
| Unsupported |
| 100%
| file
| data
| default
|
|
hex view+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
|00000000| 1a 44 50 31 2e 31 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 00 05 30 00 |.DP1.1..|......0.|
|00000010| 00 00 16 00 00 00 30 30 | 00 00 00 01 c4 02 00 00 |......00|........|
|00000020| 1d 0f 00 00 30 31 00 00 | 00 01 e1 11 00 00 c2 0c |....01..|........|
|00000030| 00 00 30 32 00 00 00 01 | a3 1e 00 00 1e 0b 00 00 |..02....|........|
|00000040| 30 33 00 00 00 01 c1 29 | 00 00 c5 0b 00 00 30 34 |03.....)|......04|
|00000050| 00 00 00 01 86 35 00 00 | 58 0d 00 00 30 35 00 00 |.....5..|X...05..|
|00000060| 00 01 de 42 00 00 19 0d | 00 00 30 36 00 00 00 01 |...B....|..06....|
|00000070| f7 4f 00 00 b4 0f 00 00 | 30 37 00 00 00 01 ab 5f |.O......|07....._|
|00000080| 00 00 d5 0a 00 00 30 38 | 00 00 00 01 80 6a 00 00 |......08|.....j..|
|00000090| b6 0d 00 00 30 39 00 00 | 00 01 36 78 00 00 52 0b |....09..|..6x..R.|
|000000a0| 00 00 31 30 00 00 00 01 | 88 83 00 00 d4 0a 00 00 |..10....|........|
|000000b0| 31 31 00 00 00 01 5c 8e | 00 00 4d 0c 00 00 31 32 |11....\.|..M...12|
|000000c0| 00 00 00 01 a9 9a 00 00 | 78 0b 00 00 31 33 00 00 |........|x...13..|
|000000d0| 00 01 21 a6 00 00 e5 0a | 00 00 31 34 00 00 00 01 |..!.....|..14....|
|000000e0| 06 b1 00 00 d9 0c 00 00 | 31 35 00 00 00 01 df bd |........|15......|
|000000f0| 00 00 81 08 00 00 31 36 | 00 00 00 01 60 c6 00 00 |......16|....`...|
|00000100| 88 0c 00 00 31 37 00 00 | 00 01 e8 d2 00 00 0c 0b |....17..|........|
|00000110| 00 00 31 38 00 00 00 01 | f4 dd 00 00 f0 0d 00 00 |..18....|........|
|00000120| 31 39 00 00 00 01 e4 eb | 00 00 b5 0b 00 00 32 30 |19......|......20|
|00000130| 00 00 00 01 99 f7 00 00 | 15 0d 00 00 32 31 00 00 |........|....21..|
|00000140| 00 01 ae 04 01 00 c9 0b | 00 00 32 32 00 00 00 01 |........|..22....|
|00000150| 77 10 01 00 3d 0c 00 00 | 32 33 00 00 00 01 b4 1c |w...=...|23......|
|00000160| 01 00 1f 0a 00 00 35 30 | 00 00 00 01 d3 26 01 00 |......50|.....&..|
|00000170| a3 0c 00 00 35 31 00 00 | 00 01 76 33 01 00 53 09 |....51..|..v3..S.|
|00000180| 00 00 35 32 00 00 00 01 | c9 3c 01 00 db 10 00 00 |..52....|.<......|
|00000190| 35 33 00 00 00 01 a4 4d | 01 00 74 11 00 00 35 34 |53.....M|..t...54|
|000001a0| 00 00 00 01 18 5f 01 00 | 4f 0e 00 00 35 35 00 00 |....._..|O...55..|
|000001b0| 00 01 67 6d 01 00 b8 0f | 00 00 35 36 00 00 00 01 |..gm....|..56....|
|000001c0| 1f 7d 01 00 2b 16 00 00 | 35 37 00 00 00 01 4a 93 |.}..+...|57....J.|
|000001d0| 01 00 ce 0b 00 00 35 38 | 00 00 00 01 18 9f 01 00 |......58|........|
|000001e0| 0a 0c 00 00 35 39 00 00 | 00 01 22 ab 01 00 4f 09 |....59..|.."...O.|
|000001f0| 00 00 36 30 00 00 00 01 | 71 b4 01 00 ca 0e 00 00 |..60....|q.......|
|00000200| 36 31 00 00 00 01 3b c3 | 01 00 b9 18 00 00 36 32 |61....;.|......62|
|00000210| 00 00 00 01 f4 db 01 00 | a4 1b 00 00 36 33 00 00 |........|....63..|
|00000220| 00 01 98 f7 01 00 77 1a | 00 00 36 34 00 00 00 01 |......w.|..64....|
|00000230| 0f 12 02 00 fa 14 00 00 | 36 35 00 00 00 01 09 27 |........|65.....'|
|00000240| 02 00 c1 0b 00 00 36 36 | 00 00 00 01 ca 32 02 00 |......66|.....2..|
|00000250| 3a 26 00 00 36 37 00 00 | 00 01 04 59 02 00 d5 10 |:&..67..|...Y....|
|00000260| 00 00 36 38 00 00 00 01 | d9 69 02 00 3f 10 00 00 |..68....|.i..?...|
|00000270| 36 39 00 00 00 01 18 7a | 02 00 4c 0f 00 00 37 30 |69.....z|..L...70|
|00000280| 00 00 00 01 64 89 02 00 | ed 0e 00 00 37 31 00 00 |....d...|....71..|
|00000290| 00 01 51 98 02 00 9f 0d | 00 00 37 32 00 00 00 01 |..Q.....|..72....|
|000002a0| f0 a5 02 00 db 14 00 00 | 37 33 00 00 00 01 cb ba |........|73......|
|000002b0| 02 00 13 16 00 00 00 00 | 00 00 00 00 de d0 02 00 |........|........|
|000002c0| 00 00 00 00 24 55 6e 69 | 71 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 |....$Uni|que_ID{Y|
|000002d0| 52 42 30 38 32 30 30 7d | 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 |RB08200}|..$Title|
|000002e0| 7b 43 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 | 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 52 |{Combat |Stress R|
|000002f0| 65 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 2c 20 50 6f 73 74 74 72 |eactions|, Posttr|
|00000300| 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 20 | 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 44 |aumatic |Stress D|
|00000310| 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 53 6f 63 |isorder,| and Soc|
|00000320| 69 61 6c 20 41 64 6a 75 | 73 74 6d 65 6e 74 3a 20 |ial Adju|stment: |
|00000330| 20 41 20 53 74 75 64 79 | 20 6f 66 20 49 73 72 61 | A Study| of Isra|
|00000340| 65 6c 69 20 56 65 74 65 | 72 61 6e 73 7d 0d 0a 24 |eli Vete|rans}..$|
|00000350| 41 75 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d | 0a 53 6f 6c 6f 6d 6f 6e |Author{.|.Solomon|
|00000360| 2c 20 5a 0d 0a 4d 69 6b | 75 6c 69 6e 63 65 72 2c |, Z..Mik|ulincer,|
|00000370| 20 4d 7d 0d 0a 24 41 66 | 66 69 6c 69 61 74 69 6f | M}..$Af|filiatio|
|00000380| 6e 7b 49 73 72 61 65 6c | 20 44 65 66 65 6e 73 65 |n{Israel| Defense|
|00000390| 20 46 6f 72 63 65 73 20 | 4d 65 64 20 43 6f 72 70 | Forces |Med Corp|
|000003a0| 73 3b 20 54 65 6c 20 41 | 76 69 76 20 55 6e 69 76 |s; Tel A|viv Univ|
|000003b0| 2c 20 54 65 6c 20 41 76 | 69 76 3b 20 42 61 72 2d |, Tel Av|iv; Bar-|
|000003c0| 49 6c 61 6e 20 55 6e 69 | 76 2c 20 49 73 72 61 65 |Ilan Uni|v, Israe|
|000003d0| 6c 7d 0d 0a 24 53 75 62 | 6a 65 63 74 7b 56 65 74 |l}..$Sub|ject{Vet|
|000003e0| 65 72 61 6e 73 20 49 73 | 72 61 65 6c 69 2c 20 63 |erans Is|raeli, c|
|000003f0| 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 73 74 | 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 61 |ombat st|ress rea|
|00000400| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 | 70 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 |ctions, |posttrau|
|00000410| 6d 61 74 69 63 20 73 74 | 72 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 |matic st|ress dis|
|00000420| 6f 72 64 65 72 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 6f 63 69 61 |order, a|nd socia|
|00000430| 6c 20 61 64 6a 75 73 74 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 3b |l adjust|ment in;|
|00000440| 0d 0a 53 6f 63 69 61 6c | 20 61 64 6a 75 73 74 6d |..Social| adjustm|
|00000450| 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 49 | 73 72 61 65 6c 69 20 76 |ent of I|sraeli v|
|00000460| 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 3b | 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 74 72 |eterans;|..Posttr|
|00000470| 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 20 | 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 64 |aumatic |stress d|
|00000480| 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 20 | 69 6e 20 49 73 72 61 65 |isorder |in Israe|
|00000490| 6c 69 20 76 65 74 65 72 | 61 6e 73 3b 0d 0a 49 73 |li veter|ans;..Is|
|000004a0| 72 61 65 6c 69 20 76 65 | 74 65 72 61 6e 73 20 63 |raeli ve|terans c|
|000004b0| 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 73 74 | 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 61 |ombat st|ress rea|
|000004c0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 2c 20 | 70 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 |ctions, |posttrau|
|000004d0| 6d 61 74 69 63 20 73 74 | 72 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 |matic st|ress dis|
|000004e0| 6f 72 64 65 72 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 6f 63 69 61 |order, a|nd socia|
|000004f0| 6c 20 61 64 6a 75 73 74 | 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 3b |l adjust|ment in;|
|00000500| 0d 0a 43 6f 6d 62 61 74 | 20 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 |..Combat| stress |
|00000510| 72 65 61 63 74 69 6f 6e | 73 20 69 6e 20 49 73 72 |reaction|s in Isr|
|00000520| 61 65 6c 69 20 76 65 74 | 65 72 61 6e 73 7d 0d 0a |aeli vet|erans}..|
|00000530| 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 6c | 7b 4a 20 4e 65 72 76 20 |$Journal|{J Nerv |
|00000540| 4d 65 6e 74 20 44 69 73 | 7d 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 |Ment Dis|}..$Volu|
|00000550| 6d 65 7b 31 37 35 7d 0d | 0a 24 50 61 67 65 7b 32 |me{175}.|.$Page{2|
|00000560| 37 37 2d 32 38 35 7d 0d | 0a 24 44 61 74 65 7b 4d |77-285}.|.$Date{M|
|00000570| 61 79 20 31 39 38 37 7d | 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 6f 6c |ay 1987}|..$YBVol|
|00000580| 7b 31 39 38 39 20 59 65 | 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 |{1989 Ye|ar Book |
|00000590| 6f 66 20 50 73 79 63 68 | 69 61 74 72 79 20 61 6e |of Psych|iatry an|
|000005a0| 64 20 61 6e 64 20 41 70 | 70 6c 69 65 64 20 4d 65 |d and Ap|plied Me|
|000005b0| 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 65 61 | 6c 74 68 7d 0d 0a 24 43 |ntal Hea|lth}..$C|
|000005c0| 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b 31 | 33 2d 35 36 7d 0d 0a 24 |hapter{1|3-56}..$|
|000005d0| 59 42 45 64 69 74 6f 72 | 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 54 61 |YBEditor|{Drs. Ta|
|000005e0| 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 46 | 72 61 6e 63 65 73 2c 20 |lbott, F|rances, |
|000005f0| 46 72 65 65 64 6d 61 6e | 2c 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a 65 |Freedman|, Meltze|
|00000600| 72 2c 20 53 63 68 6f 77 | 61 6c 74 65 72 2c 20 61 |r, Schow|alter, a|
|00000610| 6e 64 20 57 65 69 6e 65 | 72 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 |nd Weine|r}..$Tab|
|00000620| 6c 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 | 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 |le{}..$C|ommentat|
|00000630| 6f 72 7b 4a 2e 41 2e 20 | 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c |or{J.A. |Talbott,|
|00000640| 20 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d 0a | 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 | M.D.}..|..Copyri|
|00000650| 67 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 | 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f |ght (c) |Year Boo|
|00000660| 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 | 6c 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 |k Medica|l Publis|
|00000670| 68 65 72 73 2c 20 49 6e | 63 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 39 |hers, In|c., 1989|
|00000680| 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 39 | 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f |....1989| Year Bo|
|00000690| 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 73 | 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 |ok of Ps|ychiatry|
|000006a0| 20 61 6e 64 20 41 70 70 | 6c 69 65 64 20 4d 65 6e | and App|lied Men|
|000006b0| 74 61 6c 20 48 65 61 6c | 74 68 20 28 52 29 0d 0a |tal Heal|th (R)..|
|000006c0| 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 | 72 20 31 33 2d 2d 43 6f |..Chapte|r 13--Co|
|000006d0| 6d 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 20 | 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 |mmunity |Psychiat|
|000006e0| 72 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f | 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d 61 |ry....Po|sttrauma|
|000006f0| 74 69 63 20 53 74 72 65 | 73 73 20 44 69 73 6f 72 |tic Stre|ss Disor|
|00000700| 64 65 72 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |der....-|--------|
|00000710| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000720| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000730| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000740| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000750| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d | 0a 43 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 |-------.|.Combat |
|00000760| 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 52 | 65 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 |Stress R|eactions|
|00000770| 2c 20 50 6f 73 74 74 72 | 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 20 |, Posttr|aumatic |
|00000780| 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 44 | 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 2c |Stress D|isorder,|
|00000790| 20 61 6e 64 20 53 6f 63 | 69 61 6c 20 41 64 6a 75 | and Soc|ial Adju|
|000007a0| 73 74 6d 65 6e 74 3a 0d | 0a 41 20 53 74 75 64 79 |stment:.|.A Study|
|000007b0| 20 6f 66 20 49 73 72 61 | 65 6c 69 20 56 65 74 65 | of Isra|eli Vete|
|000007c0| 72 61 6e 73 0d 0a 0d 0a | 53 6f 6c 6f 6d 6f 6e 20 |rans....|Solomon |
|000007d0| 5a 2c 20 4d 69 6b 75 6c | 69 6e 63 65 72 20 4d 0d |Z, Mikul|incer M.|
|000007e0| 0a 28 49 73 72 61 65 6c | 20 44 65 66 65 6e 73 65 |.(Israel| Defense|
|000007f0| 20 46 6f 72 63 65 73 20 | 4d 65 64 20 43 6f 72 70 | Forces |Med Corp|
|00000800| 73 3b 20 54 65 6c 20 41 | 76 69 76 20 55 6e 69 76 |s; Tel A|viv Univ|
|00000810| 2c 20 54 65 6c 20 41 76 | 69 76 3b 20 42 61 72 2d |, Tel Av|iv; Bar-|
|00000820| 49 6c 61 6e 20 55 6e 69 | 76 2c 0d 0a 49 73 72 61 |Ilan Uni|v,..Isra|
|00000830| 65 6c 29 0d 0a 4a 20 4e | 65 72 76 20 4d 65 6e 74 |el)..J N|erv Ment|
|00000840| 20 44 69 73 20 31 37 35 | 3a 32 37 37 2d 32 38 35 | Dis 175|:277-285|
|00000850| 2c 20 4d 61 79 20 31 39 | 38 37 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d |, May 19|87..----|
|00000860| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000870| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000880| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00000890| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000008a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a |--------|----....|
|000008b0| 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |Abstract|.... |
|000008c0| 20 43 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 | 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 69 | Combat |stress i|
|000008d0| 73 20 62 65 6c 69 65 76 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 68 61 |s believ|ed to ha|
|000008e0| 76 65 20 70 6f 74 65 6e | 74 69 61 6c 20 6c 6f 6e |ve poten|tial lon|
|000008f0| 67 2d 6c 61 73 74 69 6e | 67 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 |g-lastin|g effect|
|00000900| 73 20 74 68 61 74 20 6c | 65 61 76 65 0d 0a 61 20 |s that l|eave..a |
|00000910| 73 6f 6c 64 69 65 72 20 | 65 6d 6f 74 69 6f 6e 61 |soldier |emotiona|
|00000920| 6c 6c 79 20 76 75 6c 6e | 65 72 61 62 6c 65 20 66 |lly vuln|erable f|
|00000930| 6f 72 20 61 20 6c 6f 6e | 67 20 70 65 72 69 6f 64 |or a lon|g period|
|00000940| 20 6f 66 20 74 69 6d 65 | 2e 20 20 57 68 69 6c 65 | of time|. While|
|00000950| 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 73 6f | 6c 64 69 65 72 73 0d 0a | some so|ldiers..|
|00000960| 72 65 67 61 69 6e 20 65 | 6d 6f 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |regain e|motional|
|00000970| 20 62 61 6c 61 6e 63 65 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 61 | balance| after a|
|00000980| 20 77 61 72 20 68 61 73 | 20 65 6e 64 65 64 2c 20 | war has| ended, |
|00000990| 6f 74 68 65 72 73 20 68 | 61 76 65 20 70 72 6f 66 |others h|ave prof|
|000009a0| 6f 75 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 | 0d 0a 6c 6f 6e 67 2d 6c |ound and|..long-l|
|000009b0| 61 73 74 69 6e 67 20 6d | 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 68 65 |asting m|ental he|
|000009c0| 61 6c 74 68 20 73 65 71 | 75 65 6c 61 65 2e 20 20 |alth seq|uelae. |
|000009d0| 49 6e 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 | 63 61 73 65 73 2c 20 64 |In some |cases, d|
|000009e0| 65 6c 61 79 65 64 20 65 | 6d 6f 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |elayed e|motional|
|000009f0| 20 72 65 61 63 74 69 6f | 6e 73 0d 0a 61 70 70 65 | reactio|ns..appe|
|00000a00| 61 72 20 61 74 20 61 20 | 6c 61 74 65 72 20 70 6f |ar at a |later po|
|00000a10| 69 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 74 | 69 6d 65 20 77 69 74 68 |int in t|ime with|
|00000a20| 6f 75 74 20 70 72 69 6f | 72 20 72 65 63 6f 67 6e |out prio|r recogn|
|00000a30| 69 7a 61 62 6c 65 20 65 | 6d 6f 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c |izable e|motional|
|00000a40| 20 64 61 6d 61 67 65 0d | 0a 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 | damage.|.during |
|00000a50| 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 |combat..|. Th|
|00000a60| 65 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 63 | 6f 6d 6d 6f 6e 6c 79 20 |e most c|ommonly |
|00000a70| 65 6e 63 6f 75 6e 74 65 | 72 65 64 20 70 6f 73 74 |encounte|red post|
|00000a80| 77 61 72 20 63 6f 6d 62 | 61 74 20 70 61 74 68 6f |war comb|at patho|
|00000a90| 6c 6f 67 79 20 69 73 20 | 70 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 |logy is |posttrau|
|00000aa0| 6d 61 74 69 63 0d 0a 73 | 74 72 65 73 73 20 64 69 |matic..s|tress di|
|00000ab0| 73 6f 72 64 65 72 20 28 | 50 54 53 44 29 2c 20 77 |sorder (|PTSD), w|
|00000ac0| 68 69 63 68 20 69 73 20 | 63 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 |hich is |characte|
|00000ad0| 72 69 7a 65 64 20 62 79 | 20 61 20 72 65 6c 69 76 |rized by| a reliv|
|00000ae0| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 74 72 61 75 6d |ing of t|he traum|
|00000af0| 61 74 69 63 0d 0a 65 76 | 65 6e 74 2c 20 61 20 6e |atic..ev|ent, a n|
|00000b00| 75 6d 62 6e 65 73 73 20 | 6f 66 20 72 65 73 70 6f |umbness |of respo|
|00000b10| 6e 73 69 76 65 6e 65 73 | 73 20 74 6f 20 6f 72 20 |nsivenes|s to or |
|00000b20| 61 20 72 65 64 75 63 65 | 64 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 |a reduce|d involv|
|00000b30| 65 6d 65 6e 74 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 74 68 65 0d 0a |ement wi|th the..|
|00000b40| 65 78 74 65 72 6e 61 6c | 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 2c 20 |external| world, |
|00000b50| 61 6e 64 20 61 20 76 61 | 72 69 65 74 79 20 6f 66 |and a va|riety of|
|00000b60| 20 61 75 74 6f 6e 6f 6d | 69 63 2c 20 64 79 73 70 | autonom|ic, dysp|
|00000b70| 68 6f 72 69 63 2c 20 6f | 72 20 63 6f 67 6e 69 74 |horic, o|r cognit|
|00000b80| 69 76 65 20 73 79 6d 70 | 74 6f 6d 73 2e 0d 0a 54 |ive symp|toms...T|
|00000b90| 68 69 73 20 73 74 75 64 | 79 20 77 61 73 20 64 6f |his stud|y was do|
|00000ba0| 6e 65 20 74 6f 20 61 73 | 73 65 73 73 20 74 68 65 |ne to as|sess the|
|00000bb0| 20 73 6f 63 69 61 6c 20 | 66 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e | social |function|
|00000bc0| 69 6e 67 20 61 6d 6f 6e | 67 20 33 20 67 72 6f 75 |ing amon|g 3 grou|
|00000bd0| 70 73 20 6f 66 20 49 73 | 72 61 65 6c 69 0d 0a 73 |ps of Is|raeli..s|
|00000be0| 6f 6c 64 69 65 72 73 20 | 77 68 6f 20 68 61 64 20 |oldiers |who had |
|00000bf0| 70 61 72 74 69 63 69 70 | 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e 20 |particip|ated in |
|00000c00| 74 68 65 20 77 61 72 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 4c 65 62 |the war |with Leb|
|00000c10| 61 6e 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 31 39 38 32 20 61 6e 64 |anon in |1982 and|
|00000c20| 20 74 6f 20 65 78 61 6d | 69 6e 65 20 74 68 65 0d | to exam|ine the.|
|00000c30| 0a 72 65 6c 61 74 69 6f | 6e 73 68 69 70 20 62 65 |.relatio|nship be|
|00000c40| 74 77 65 65 6e 20 50 54 | 53 44 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |tween PT|SD and s|
|00000c50| 6f 63 69 61 6c 20 66 75 | 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 69 6e |ocial fu|nctionin|
|00000c60| 67 20 31 20 79 65 61 72 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 74 |g 1 year| after t|
|00000c70| 68 65 20 77 61 72 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 68 |he war..|. Th|
|00000c80| 65 20 73 74 75 64 79 20 | 77 61 73 20 64 6f 6e 65 |e study |was done|
|00000c90| 20 77 69 74 68 20 33 38 | 32 20 66 72 6f 6e 74 6c | with 38|2 frontl|
|00000ca0| 69 6e 65 20 73 6f 6c 64 | 69 65 72 73 20 77 68 6f |ine sold|iers who|
|00000cb0| 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 | 6e 20 74 72 65 61 74 65 | had bee|n treate|
|00000cc0| 64 20 66 6f 72 0d 0a 63 | 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 73 74 |d for..c|ombat st|
|00000cd0| 72 65 73 73 20 72 65 61 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 28 43 |ress rea|ction (C|
|00000ce0| 53 52 29 2c 20 33 33 34 | 20 66 72 6f 6e 74 6c 69 |SR), 334| frontli|
|00000cf0| 6e 65 20 73 6f 6c 64 69 | 65 72 73 20 77 68 6f 20 |ne soldi|ers who |
|00000d00| 64 69 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 | 73 75 73 74 61 69 6e 20 |did not |sustain |
|00000d10| 43 53 52 2c 0d 0a 61 6e | 64 20 38 38 20 63 6f 6d |CSR,..an|d 88 com|
|00000d20| 62 61 74 2d 72 65 61 64 | 79 20 73 6f 6c 64 69 65 |bat-read|y soldie|
|00000d30| 72 73 20 77 68 6f 20 64 | 69 64 20 6e 6f 74 20 70 |rs who d|id not p|
|00000d40| 61 72 74 69 63 69 70 61 | 74 65 20 69 6e 20 74 68 |articipa|te in th|
|00000d50| 65 20 77 61 72 2e 20 20 | 41 6c 6c 20 73 75 62 6a |e war. |All subj|
|00000d60| 65 63 74 73 0d 0a 77 65 | 72 65 20 73 63 72 65 65 |ects..we|re scree|
|00000d70| 6e 65 64 20 31 20 79 65 | 61 72 20 61 66 74 65 72 |ned 1 ye|ar after|
|00000d80| 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 72 | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | the war| for the|
|00000d90| 20 70 72 65 73 65 6e 63 | 65 20 6f 66 20 50 54 53 | presenc|e of PTS|
|00000da0| 44 20 61 6e 64 20 66 6f | 72 20 6c 65 76 65 6c 20 |D and fo|r level |
|00000db0| 6f 66 0d 0a 73 6f 63 69 | 61 6c 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |of..soci|al funct|
|00000dc0| 69 6f 6e 69 6e 67 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 50 61 |ioning..|. Pa|
|00000dd0| 72 74 69 63 69 70 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 63 |rticipat|ion in c|
|00000de0| 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 70 65 | 72 20 73 65 20 64 69 64 |ombat pe|r se did|
|00000df0| 20 6e 6f 74 20 61 64 76 | 65 72 73 65 6c 79 20 61 | not adv|ersely a|
|00000e00| 66 66 65 63 74 20 70 6f | 73 74 77 61 72 0d 0a 66 |ffect po|stwar..f|
|00000e10| 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 69 | 6e 67 2e 20 20 48 6f 77 |unctioni|ng. How|
|00000e20| 65 76 65 72 2c 20 63 6f | 6d 62 61 74 20 76 65 74 |ever, co|mbat vet|
|00000e30| 65 72 61 6e 73 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 50 54 53 44 20 |erans wi|th PTSD |
|00000e40| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 64 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 76 65 |differed| from ve|
|00000e50| 74 65 72 61 6e 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 6f 75 74 0d 0a |terans w|ithout..|
|00000e60| 50 54 53 44 20 61 6e 64 | 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6e 6f |PTSD and| from no|
|00000e70| 6e 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 | 76 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 |ncombat |veterans|
|00000e80| 20 69 6e 20 74 68 61 74 | 20 74 68 65 20 76 65 74 | in that| the vet|
|00000e90| 65 72 61 6e 73 20 77 69 | 74 68 20 50 54 53 44 20 |erans wi|th PTSD |
|00000ea0| 72 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 | 20 6d 6f 72 65 0d 0a 70 |reported| more..p|
|00000eb0| 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 20 | 72 65 6c 61 74 65 64 20 |roblems |related |
|00000ec0| 74 6f 20 74 68 65 69 72 | 20 73 6f 63 69 61 6c 2c |to their| social,|
|00000ed0| 20 66 61 6d 69 6c 79 2c | 20 73 65 78 75 61 6c 2c | family,| sexual,|
|00000ee0| 20 61 6e 64 20 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 66 75 6e 63 74 69 | and wor|k functi|
|00000ef0| 6f 6e 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 73 65 0d 0a 64 |oning. |These..d|
|00000f00| 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 | 65 73 20 63 6f 75 6c 64 |ifferenc|es could|
|00000f10| 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 | 61 74 74 72 69 62 75 74 | not be |attribut|
|00000f20| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 69 | 66 66 65 72 65 6e 63 65 |ed to di|fference|
|00000f30| 73 20 69 6e 20 73 6f 63 | 69 6f 64 65 6d 6f 67 72 |s in soc|iodemogr|
|00000f40| 61 70 68 69 63 0d 0a 63 | 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 |aphic..c|haracter|
|00000f50| 69 73 74 69 63 73 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 50 6f |istics..|. Po|
|00000f60| 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d 61 | 74 69 63 20 73 74 72 65 |sttrauma|tic stre|
|00000f70| 73 73 20 64 69 73 6f 72 | 64 65 72 20 68 61 73 20 |ss disor|der has |
|00000f80| 66 61 72 2d 72 65 61 63 | 68 69 6e 67 20 73 6f 63 |far-reac|hing soc|
|00000f90| 69 61 6c 20 69 6d 70 6c | 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 |ial impl|ications|
|00000fa0| 2e 20 20 49 74 20 77 61 | 73 0d 0a 73 75 67 67 65 |. It wa|s..sugge|
|00000fb0| 73 74 65 64 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 72 65 68 61 62 69 |sted tha|t rehabi|
|00000fc0| 6c 69 74 61 74 69 6f 6e | 20 6f 66 20 73 6f 63 69 |litation| of soci|
|00000fd0| 61 6c 20 66 75 6e 63 74 | 69 6f 6e 69 6e 67 20 73 |al funct|ioning s|
|00000fe0| 68 6f 75 6c 64 20 62 65 | 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 |hould be| include|
|00000ff0| 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 74 72 65 61 74 6d |d in the|..treatm|
|00001000| 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 70 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 |ent of p|atients |
|00001010| 77 69 74 68 20 50 54 53 | 44 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f |with PTS|D.....Po|
|00001020| 73 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 65 | 6e 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 |st-Comme|nt.... |
|00001030| 20 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 | 49 73 72 61 65 6c 69 20 | This |Israeli |
|00001040| 73 74 75 64 79 20 63 6f | 6e 66 69 72 6d 73 20 6f |study co|nfirms o|
|00001050| 75 72 20 70 6f 73 74 2d | 56 69 65 74 6e 61 6d 20 |ur post-|Vietnam |
|00001060| 65 78 70 65 72 69 65 6e | 63 65 3a 20 20 73 70 65 |experien|ce: spe|
|00001070| 63 69 66 69 63 61 6c 6c | 79 2c 0d 0a 74 68 61 74 |cificall|y,..that|
|00001080| 20 50 54 53 44 20 68 61 | 73 20 66 61 72 2d 72 65 | PTSD ha|s far-re|
|00001090| 61 63 68 69 6e 67 20 73 | 6f 63 69 61 6c 2c 20 73 |aching s|ocial, s|
|000010a0| 65 78 75 61 6c 2c 20 6d | 61 72 69 74 61 6c 2c 20 |exual, m|arital, |
|000010b0| 76 6f 63 61 74 69 6f 6e | 61 6c 2c 20 65 74 63 2e |vocation|al, etc.|
|000010c0| 2c 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 73 65 | 71 75 65 6e 63 65 73 2e |,..conse|quences.|
|000010d0| 20 20 42 75 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 74 75 64 79 20 | But th|e study |
|000010e0| 61 6c 73 6f 20 63 6f 6e | 66 69 72 6d 73 20 74 68 |also con|firms th|
|000010f0| 61 74 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 | 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 73 20 |at most |persons |
|00001100| 64 6f 20 4f 4b 20 69 6e | 20 6c 61 74 65 72 0d 0a |do OK in| later..|
|00001110| 6c 69 66 65 2e 20 20 43 | 72 69 74 69 63 61 6c 20 |life. C|ritical |
|00001120| 72 65 73 65 61 72 63 68 | 20 71 75 65 73 74 69 6f |research| questio|
|00001130| 6e 73 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 | 72 6e 20 77 68 61 74 20 |ns conce|rn what |
|00001140| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 74 69 61 74 65 73 20 74 |differen|tiates t|
|00001150| 68 65 73 65 20 32 20 67 | 72 6f 75 70 73 0d 0a 61 |hese 2 g|roups..a|
|00001160| 6e 64 20 68 6f 77 20 77 | 65 20 63 61 6e 20 75 73 |nd how w|e can us|
|00001170| 65 20 74 68 61 74 20 69 | 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 |e that i|nformati|
|00001180| 6f 6e 20 74 6f 20 70 72 | 65 76 65 6e 74 20 6f 72 |on to pr|event or|
|00001190| 20 66 6f 72 65 73 74 61 | 6c 6c 20 64 65 76 65 6c | foresta|ll devel|
|000011a0| 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 73 |opment o|f the..s|
|000011b0| 79 6e 64 72 6f 6d 65 20 | 6f 72 20 69 74 73 20 63 |yndrome |or its c|
|000011c0| 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 61 6e | 63 65 2e 2d 2d 4a 2e 41 |ontinuan|ce.--J.A|
|000011d0| 2e 20 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 | 74 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 0d |. Talbot|t, M.D..|
|000011e0| 0a 24 55 6e 69 71 75 65 | 5f 49 44 7b 59 52 42 30 |.$Unique|_ID{YRB0|
|000011f0| 38 32 30 31 7d 0d 0a 24 | 54 69 74 6c 65 7b 4d 69 |8201}..$|Title{Mi|
|00001200| 6c 69 74 61 72 79 20 43 | 6f 6d 62 61 74 2c 20 50 |litary C|ombat, P|
|00001210| 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d | 61 74 69 63 20 53 74 72 |osttraum|atic Str|
|00001220| 65 73 73 20 44 69 73 6f | 72 64 65 72 2c 20 61 6e |ess Diso|rder, an|
|00001230| 64 20 43 72 69 6d 69 6e | 61 6c 20 42 65 68 61 76 |d Crimin|al Behav|
|00001240| 69 6f 72 20 69 6e 20 56 | 69 65 74 6e 61 6d 20 56 |ior in V|ietnam V|
|00001250| 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 7d | 0d 0a 24 41 75 74 68 6f |eterans}|..$Autho|
|00001260| 72 7b 0d 0a 53 70 61 72 | 72 2c 20 4c 46 0d 0a 52 |r{..Spar|r, LF..R|
|00001270| 65 61 76 65 73 2c 20 4d | 45 0d 0a 41 74 6b 69 6e |eaves, M|E..Atkin|
|00001280| 73 6f 6e 2c 20 52 4d 7d | 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 69 6c |son, RM}|..$Affil|
|00001290| 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b 4f | 72 65 67 6f 6e 20 48 65 |iation{O|regon He|
|000012a0| 61 6c 74 68 20 53 63 69 | 65 6e 63 65 73 20 55 6e |alth Sci|ences Un|
|000012b0| 69 76 7d 0d 0a 24 53 75 | 62 6a 65 63 74 7b 56 65 |iv}..$Su|bject{Ve|
|000012c0| 74 65 72 61 6e 73 20 56 | 69 65 74 6e 61 6d 20 6d |terans V|ietnam m|
|000012d0| 69 6c 69 74 61 72 79 20 | 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 2c 20 |ilitary |combat, |
|000012e0| 70 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 | 6d 61 74 69 63 20 73 74 |posttrau|matic st|
|000012f0| 72 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 | 6f 72 64 65 72 2c 20 61 |ress dis|order, a|
|00001300| 6e 64 20 63 72 69 6d 69 | 6e 61 6c 20 62 65 68 61 |nd crimi|nal beha|
|00001310| 76 69 6f 72 20 69 6e 3b | 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 74 72 |vior in;|..Posttr|
|00001320| 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 20 | 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 64 |aumatic |stress d|
|00001330| 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 20 | 63 72 69 6d 69 6e 61 6c |isorder |criminal|
|00001340| 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f | 72 20 61 6e 64 2c 20 69 | behavio|r and, i|
|00001350| 6e 20 56 69 65 74 6e 61 | 6d 20 76 65 74 65 72 61 |n Vietna|m vetera|
|00001360| 6e 73 3b 0d 0a 43 72 69 | 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 62 65 |ns;..Cri|minal be|
|00001370| 68 61 76 69 6f 72 20 69 | 6e 20 56 69 65 74 6e 61 |havior i|n Vietna|
|00001380| 6d 20 76 65 74 65 72 61 | 6e 73 3b 0d 0a 43 6f 6d |m vetera|ns;..Com|
|00001390| 62 61 74 20 6d 69 6c 69 | 74 61 72 79 2c 20 61 6e |bat mili|tary, an|
|000013a0| 64 20 63 72 69 6d 69 6e | 61 6c 20 62 65 68 61 76 |d crimin|al behav|
|000013b0| 69 6f 72 20 69 6e 20 56 | 69 65 74 6e 61 6d 20 76 |ior in V|ietnam v|
|000013c0| 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 7d | 0d 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e |eterans}|..$Journ|
|000013d0| 61 6c 7b 42 75 6c 6c 20 | 41 6d 20 41 63 61 64 20 |al{Bull |Am Acad |
|000013e0| 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 | 72 79 20 4c 61 77 7d 0d |Psychiat|ry Law}.|
|000013f0| 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 | 7b 31 35 7d 0d 0a 24 50 |.$Volume|{15}..$P|
|00001400| 61 67 65 7b 31 34 31 2d | 31 36 32 7d 0d 0a 24 44 |age{141-|162}..$D|
|00001410| 61 74 65 7b 31 39 38 37 | 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 6f |ate{1987|}..$YBVo|
|00001420| 6c 7b 31 39 38 39 20 59 | 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b |l{1989 Y|ear Book|
|00001430| 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 63 | 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 61 | of Psyc|hiatry a|
|00001440| 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 41 | 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 4d |nd and A|pplied M|
|00001450| 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 65 | 61 6c 74 68 7d 0d 0a 24 |ental He|alth}..$|
|00001460| 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b | 31 33 2d 35 37 7d 0d 0a |Chapter{|13-57}..|
|00001470| 24 59 42 45 64 69 74 6f | 72 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 54 |$YBEdito|r{Drs. T|
|00001480| 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 | 46 72 61 6e 63 65 73 2c |albott, |Frances,|
|00001490| 20 46 72 65 65 64 6d 61 | 6e 2c 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a | Freedma|n, Meltz|
|000014a0| 65 72 2c 20 53 63 68 6f | 77 61 6c 74 65 72 2c 20 |er, Scho|walter, |
|000014b0| 61 6e 64 20 57 65 69 6e | 65 72 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 |and Wein|er}..$Ta|
|000014c0| 62 6c 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 | 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 |ble{}..$|Commenta|
|000014d0| 74 6f 72 7b 4a 2e 41 2e | 20 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 |tor{J.A.| Talbott|
|000014e0| 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d | 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 |, M.D.}.|...Copyr|
|000014f0| 69 67 68 74 20 28 63 29 | 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f |ight (c)| Year Bo|
|00001500| 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 63 | 61 6c 20 50 75 62 6c 69 |ok Medic|al Publi|
|00001510| 73 68 65 72 73 2c 20 49 | 6e 63 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 |shers, I|nc., 198|
|00001520| 39 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 | 39 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 |9....198|9 Year B|
|00001530| 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 | 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 |ook of P|sychiatr|
|00001540| 79 20 61 6e 64 20 41 70 | 70 6c 69 65 64 20 4d 65 |y and Ap|plied Me|
|00001550| 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 65 61 | 6c 74 68 20 28 52 29 0d |ntal Hea|lth (R).|
|00001560| 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 | 65 72 20 31 33 2d 2d 43 |...Chapt|er 13--C|
|00001570| 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 | 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 |ommunity| Psychia|
|00001580| 74 72 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 | 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d |try....P|osttraum|
|00001590| 61 74 69 63 20 53 74 72 | 65 73 73 20 44 69 73 6f |atic Str|ess Diso|
|000015a0| 72 64 65 72 0d 0a 0d 0a | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |rder....|--------|
|000015b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000015c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000015d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000015e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000015f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 0d 0a 4d 69 6c 69 74 61 |--------|..Milita|
|00001600| 72 79 20 43 6f 6d 62 61 | 74 2c 20 50 6f 73 74 74 |ry Comba|t, Postt|
|00001610| 72 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 | 20 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 |raumatic| Stress |
|00001620| 44 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 43 72 |Disorder|, and Cr|
|00001630| 69 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 42 | 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 20 |iminal B|ehavior |
|00001640| 69 6e 20 56 69 65 74 6e | 61 6d 0d 0a 56 65 74 65 |in Vietn|am..Vete|
|00001650| 72 61 6e 73 0d 0a 0d 0a | 53 70 61 72 72 20 4c 46 |rans....|Sparr LF|
|00001660| 2c 20 52 65 61 76 65 73 | 20 4d 45 2c 20 41 74 6b |, Reaves| ME, Atk|
|00001670| 69 6e 73 6f 6e 20 52 4d | 0d 0a 28 4f 72 65 67 6f |inson RM|..(Orego|
|00001680| 6e 20 48 65 61 6c 74 68 | 20 53 63 69 65 6e 63 65 |n Health| Science|
|00001690| 73 20 55 6e 69 76 29 0d | 0a 42 75 6c 6c 20 41 6d |s Univ).|.Bull Am|
|000016a0| 20 41 63 61 64 20 50 73 | 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 | Acad Ps|ychiatry|
|000016b0| 20 4c 61 77 20 31 35 3a | 31 34 31 2d 31 36 32 2c | Law 15:|141-162,|
|000016c0| 20 31 39 38 37 0d 0a 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 1987..-|--------|
|000016d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000016e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000016f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001700| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00001710| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d | 0a 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 72 |-------.|...Abstr|
|00001720| 61 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 43 6f 6d 62 |act.... | Comb|
|00001730| 61 74 20 65 78 70 6f 73 | 75 72 65 20 68 61 73 20 |at expos|ure has |
|00001740| 62 65 65 6e 20 61 73 73 | 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 20 |been ass|ociated |
|00001750| 77 69 74 68 20 6c 61 74 | 65 72 20 63 72 69 6d 69 |with lat|er crimi|
|00001760| 6e 61 6c 20 62 65 68 61 | 76 69 6f 72 20 61 6e 64 |nal beha|vior and|
|00001770| 20 6f 74 68 65 72 0d 0a | 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 6c | other..|difficul|
|00001780| 74 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 56 69 65 74 6e 61 6d 20 |ties of |Vietnam |
|00001790| 76 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 | 2e 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 63 |veterans|. All c|
|000017a0| 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 76 65 | 74 65 72 61 6e 73 2c 20 |ombat ve|terans, |
|000017b0| 68 6f 77 65 76 65 72 2c | 20 64 6f 20 6e 6f 74 20 |however,| do not |
|000017c0| 68 61 76 65 0d 0a 70 6f | 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d 61 |have..po|sttrauma|
|000017d0| 74 69 63 20 73 74 72 65 | 73 73 20 64 69 73 6f 72 |tic stre|ss disor|
|000017e0| 64 65 72 20 28 50 54 53 | 44 29 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 |der (PTS|D), and |
|000017f0| 6e 6f 74 20 61 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 6f 73 65 20 77 68 |not all |those wh|
|00001800| 6f 20 68 61 76 65 20 69 | 74 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 |o have i|t commit|
|00001810| 0d 0a 63 72 69 6d 65 73 | 2e 20 20 4d 61 6e 79 20 |..crimes|. Many |
|00001820| 76 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 | 20 77 68 6f 20 61 72 65 |veterans| who are|
|00001830| 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 61 66 | 66 65 63 74 65 64 20 62 | most af|fected b|
|00001840| 79 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 | 20 61 6e 64 20 62 79 20 |y combat| and by |
|00001850| 73 79 6d 70 74 6f 6d 73 | 20 6f 66 20 50 54 53 44 |symptoms| of PTSD|
|00001860| 0d 0a 68 61 64 20 74 68 | 65 20 68 69 67 68 65 73 |..had th|e highes|
|00001870| 74 20 70 65 72 73 6f 6e | 61 6c 20 73 74 61 6e 64 |t person|al stand|
|00001880| 61 72 64 73 20 62 65 66 | 6f 72 65 20 74 68 65 20 |ards bef|ore the |
|00001890| 77 61 72 2e 20 20 46 61 | 63 74 6f 72 73 20 70 6f |war. Fa|ctors po|
|000018a0| 73 73 69 62 6c 79 20 69 | 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 64 20 |ssibly i|nvolved |
|000018b0| 69 6e 0d 0a 63 72 69 6d | 69 6e 61 6c 20 62 65 68 |in..crim|inal beh|
|000018c0| 61 76 69 6f 72 20 62 79 | 20 76 65 74 65 72 61 6e |avior by| veteran|
|000018d0| 73 20 69 6e 63 6c 75 64 | 65 20 66 65 65 6c 69 6e |s includ|e feelin|
|000018e0| 67 73 20 6f 66 20 64 65 | 63 65 70 74 69 6f 6e 20 |gs of de|ception |
|000018f0| 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 67 | 6f 76 65 72 6e 6d 65 6e |by the g|overnmen|
|00001900| 74 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 73 | 6f 63 69 65 74 79 2c 20 |t..and s|ociety, |
|00001910| 61 73 20 77 65 6c 6c 20 | 61 73 20 66 65 65 6c 69 |as well |as feeli|
|00001920| 6e 67 73 20 6f 66 20 70 | 6f 77 65 72 20 77 68 65 |ngs of p|ower whe|
|00001930| 6e 20 69 6e 20 61 20 63 | 6f 6d 62 61 74 20 73 69 |n in a c|ombat si|
|00001940| 74 75 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 0d |tuation |and the.|
|00001950| 0a 67 75 69 6c 74 20 61 | 6e 64 20 73 65 6c 66 2d |.guilt a|nd self-|
|00001960| 70 75 6e 69 73 68 6d 65 | 6e 74 20 74 68 61 74 20 |punishme|nt that |
|00001970| 73 6f 6d 65 74 69 6d 65 | 73 20 65 6e 73 75 65 2e |sometime|s ensue.|
|00001980| 20 20 53 75 62 73 74 61 | 6e 63 65 20 61 62 75 73 | Substa|nce abus|
|00001990| 65 20 61 6e 64 20 73 65 | 6e 73 61 74 69 6f 6e 0d |e and se|nsation.|
|000019a0| 0a 73 65 65 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 61 72 |.seeking| also ar|
|000019b0| 65 20 66 61 63 74 6f 72 | 73 20 69 6e 20 73 6f 6d |e factor|s in som|
|000019c0| 65 20 63 61 73 65 73 2e | 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 54 |e cases.|.. T|
|000019d0| 68 65 20 72 65 6c 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 73 68 69 70 20 |he relat|ionship |
|000019e0| 62 65 74 77 65 65 6e 20 | 50 54 53 44 20 61 6e 64 |between |PTSD and|
|000019f0| 20 63 72 69 6d 69 6e 61 | 6c 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 | crimina|l behavi|
|00001a00| 6f 72 20 69 73 20 63 6f | 6e 66 75 73 69 6e 67 20 |or is co|nfusing |
|00001a10| 77 68 65 6e 20 61 0d 0a | 63 72 69 6d 65 20 69 73 |when a..|crime is|
|00001a20| 20 63 6f 6d 6d 69 74 74 | 65 64 20 75 6e 64 65 72 | committ|ed under|
|00001a30| 20 73 75 73 70 65 63 74 | 65 64 20 61 75 73 70 69 | suspect|ed auspi|
|00001a40| 63 65 73 20 6f 66 20 61 | 20 22 64 69 73 73 6f 63 |ces of a| "dissoc|
|00001a50| 69 61 74 69 76 65 22 20 | 73 74 61 74 65 2c 20 6f |iative" |state, o|
|00001a60| 72 0d 0a 22 66 6c 61 73 | 68 62 61 63 6b 2e 22 20 |r.."flas|hback." |
|00001a70| 20 54 68 65 20 64 69 61 | 67 6e 6f 73 69 73 20 6f | The dia|gnosis o|
|00001a80| 66 20 50 54 53 44 20 69 | 74 73 65 6c 66 20 69 73 |f PTSD i|tself is|
|00001a90| 20 64 69 66 66 69 63 75 | 6c 74 20 74 6f 20 63 6f | difficu|lt to co|
|00001aa0| 6e 66 69 72 6d 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 0d 0a 66 61 63 74 |nfirm, a|nd..fact|
|00001ab0| 69 74 69 6f 75 73 20 63 | 61 73 65 73 20 64 6f 20 |itious c|ases do |
|00001ac0| 6f 63 63 75 72 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 64 69 61 67 |occur. |The diag|
|00001ad0| 6e 6f 73 69 73 20 69 73 | 20 66 61 63 69 6c 69 74 |nosis is| facilit|
|00001ae0| 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 20 | 73 65 65 6b 69 6e 67 20 |ated by |seeking |
|00001af0| 64 69 66 66 65 72 65 6e | 74 0d 0a 76 61 72 69 65 |differen|t..varie|
|00001b00| 74 69 65 73 20 6f 66 20 | 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 |ties of |informat|
|00001b10| 69 6f 6e 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 6d 75 6c 74 69 70 6c |ion from| multipl|
|00001b20| 65 20 73 6f 75 72 63 65 | 73 2e 20 20 54 68 65 20 |e source|s. The |
|00001b30| 70 6f 73 74 77 61 72 20 | 70 72 6f 62 6c 65 6d 73 |postwar |problems|
|00001b40| 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 6e 79 | 0d 0a 56 69 65 74 6e 61 | of many|..Vietna|
|00001b50| 6d 20 76 65 74 65 72 61 | 6e 73 20 68 61 76 65 20 |m vetera|ns have |
|00001b60| 70 6c 61 63 65 64 20 74 | 68 65 6d 20 69 6e 20 61 |placed t|hem in a|
|00001b70| 20 63 68 72 6f 6e 69 63 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 75 6e 64 | chronic|ally und|
|00001b80| 65 72 70 72 69 76 69 6c | 65 67 65 64 20 73 6f 63 |erprivil|eged soc|
|00001b90| 69 6f 65 63 6f 6e 6f 6d | 69 63 0d 0a 70 6f 73 69 |ioeconom|ic..posi|
|00001ba0| 74 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 41 | 20 6c 69 66 65 2d 73 74 |tion. A| life-st|
|00001bb0| 79 6c 65 20 73 75 73 74 | 61 69 6e 65 64 20 62 79 |yle sust|ained by|
|00001bc0| 20 61 67 67 72 65 73 73 | 69 76 65 20 6f 75 74 62 | aggress|ive outb|
|00001bd0| 75 72 73 74 73 20 6f 72 | 20 73 65 6c 66 2d 64 65 |ursts or| self-de|
|00001be0| 66 65 61 74 69 6e 67 0d | 0a 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f |feating.|.behavio|
|00001bf0| 72 20 65 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 20 69 6e 20 69 6d 70 72 |r ending| in impr|
|00001c00| 69 73 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 6d 61 79 20 72 65 73 |isonment| may res|
|00001c10| 75 6c 74 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 73 6f 63 69 61 6c |ult. Th|e social|
|00001c20| 20 63 6f 73 74 73 20 6f | 66 20 68 61 76 69 6e 67 | costs o|f having|
|00001c30| 20 76 65 74 65 72 61 6e | 73 0d 0a 69 6e 20 70 72 | veteran|s..in pr|
|00001c40| 69 73 6f 6e 20 69 73 20 | 67 72 65 61 74 2e 20 20 |ison is |great. |
|00001c50| 49 74 20 69 73 20 68 6f | 70 65 64 20 74 68 61 74 |It is ho|ped that|
|00001c60| 20 6d 65 61 6e 73 20 74 | 6f 20 68 65 6c 70 20 74 | means t|o help t|
|00001c70| 68 65 73 65 20 70 65 72 | 73 6f 6e 73 20 62 65 66 |hese per|sons bef|
|00001c80| 6f 72 65 20 74 68 65 79 | 0d 0a 61 72 65 20 69 6e |ore they|..are in|
|00001c90| 63 61 72 63 65 72 61 74 | 65 64 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 |carcerat|ed will |
|00001ca0| 62 65 20 66 6f 75 6e 64 | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 |be found|.....Pos|
|00001cb0| 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e | 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 |t-Commen|t.... |
|00001cc0| 20 20 41 6e 6f 74 68 65 | 72 20 63 6f 6e 73 65 71 | Anothe|r conseq|
|00001cd0| 75 65 6e 63 65 20 6f 66 | 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 2d |uence of| combat-|
|00001ce0| 72 65 6c 61 74 65 64 20 | 50 54 53 44 20 69 6e 76 |related |PTSD inv|
|00001cf0| 6f 6c 76 65 73 20 6c 61 | 74 65 72 20 63 72 69 6d |olves la|ter crim|
|00001d00| 69 6e 61 6c 0d 0a 62 65 | 68 61 76 69 6f 72 2e 20 |inal..be|havior. |
|00001d10| 20 54 68 65 72 65 20 61 | 72 65 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 | There a|re many |
|00001d20| 66 61 63 65 74 73 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 69 73 20 74 |facets o|f this t|
|00001d30| 68 61 74 20 61 72 65 20 | 64 69 73 63 75 73 73 65 |hat are |discusse|
|00001d40| 64 20 68 65 72 65 2c 20 | 62 75 74 20 74 68 65 20 |d here, |but the |
|00001d50| 6f 6e 65 0d 0a 74 68 61 | 74 20 69 6e 74 65 72 65 |one..tha|t intere|
|00001d60| 73 74 73 20 6d 65 20 6d | 6f 73 74 20 69 73 20 74 |sts me m|ost is t|
|00001d70| 68 61 74 20 73 6f 20 6d | 61 6e 79 20 68 61 76 65 |hat so m|any have|
|00001d80| 20 74 68 65 20 22 68 69 | 67 68 65 73 74 20 70 65 | the "hi|ghest pe|
|00001d90| 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c 20 73 | 74 61 6e 64 61 72 64 73 |rsonal s|tandards|
|00001da0| 22 20 61 6e 64 0d 0a 66 | 69 6e 64 20 74 68 65 69 |" and..f|ind thei|
|00001db0| 72 20 63 72 69 6d 69 6e | 61 6c 20 61 63 74 69 76 |r crimin|al activ|
|00001dc0| 69 74 79 20 22 65 67 6f | 20 61 6c 69 65 6e 2e 22 |ity "ego| alien."|
|00001dd0| 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 69 | 73 20 68 61 72 64 6c 79 | This i|s hardly|
|00001de0| 20 74 68 65 20 70 69 63 | 74 75 72 65 20 77 65 20 | the pic|ture we |
|00001df0| 67 65 74 0d 0a 66 72 6f | 6d 20 74 68 65 20 6d 65 |get..fro|m the me|
|00001e00| 64 69 61 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 69 74 20 73 65 65 6d |dia, and| it seem|
|00001e10| 73 20 74 6f 20 63 6f 6e | 74 72 61 64 69 63 74 20 |s to con|tradict |
|00001e20| 48 65 6c 7a 65 72 20 65 | 74 20 61 6c 2e 27 73 20 |Helzer e|t al.'s |
|00001e30| 28 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 | 74 20 31 33 2d 34 39 29 |(Abstrac|t 13-49)|
|00001e40| 0d 0a 73 65 6e 73 65 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 70 72 65 |..sense |that pre|
|00001e50| 65 78 69 73 74 69 6e 67 | 20 70 61 74 68 6f 6c 6f |existing| patholo|
|00001e60| 67 79 2c 20 72 61 74 68 | 65 72 20 74 68 61 6e 20 |gy, rath|er than |
|00001e70| 65 67 6f 20 73 74 72 65 | 6e 67 74 68 2c 20 70 72 |ego stre|ngth, pr|
|00001e80| 65 64 69 63 74 73 20 50 | 54 53 44 2e 2d 2d 4a 2e |edicts P|TSD.--J.|
|00001e90| 41 2e 0d 0a 54 61 6c 62 | 6f 74 74 2c 20 4d 2e 44 |A...Talb|ott, M.D|
|00001ea0| 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e 69 71 | 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 52 |...$Uniq|ue_ID{YR|
|00001eb0| 42 30 38 32 30 32 7d 0d | 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 7b |B08202}.|.$Title{|
|00001ec0| 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 43 6f 70 69 6e |Stress a|nd Copin|
|00001ed0| 67 20 69 6e 20 52 65 6c | 61 74 69 76 65 73 20 6f |g in Rel|atives o|
|00001ee0| 66 20 42 75 72 6e 20 50 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 3a |f Burn P|atients:|
|00001ef0| 20 20 41 20 4c 6f 6e 67 | 69 74 75 64 69 6e 61 6c | A Long|itudinal|
|00001f00| 20 53 74 75 64 79 7d 0d | 0a 24 41 75 74 68 6f 72 | Study}.|.$Author|
|00001f10| 7b 0d 0a 43 65 6c 6c 61 | 2c 20 44 46 0d 0a 50 65 |{..Cella|, DF..Pe|
|00001f20| 72 72 79 2c 20 53 57 0d | 0a 4b 75 6c 63 68 79 63 |rry, SW.|.Kulchyc|
|00001f30| 6b 79 2c 20 53 0d 0a 47 | 6f 6f 64 77 69 6e 2c 20 |ky, S..G|oodwin, |
|00001f40| 43 7d 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 | 69 6c 69 61 74 69 6f 6e |C}..$Aff|iliation|
|00001f50| 7b 52 75 73 68 20 4d 65 | 64 20 43 6f 6c 6c 65 67 |{Rush Me|d Colleg|
|00001f60| 65 2c 20 43 68 69 63 61 | 67 6f 3b 20 4e 65 77 20 |e, Chica|go; New |
|00001f70| 59 6f 72 6b 20 48 6f 73 | 70 2d 43 6f 72 6e 65 6c |York Hos|p-Cornel|
|00001f80| 6c 20 4d 65 74 20 43 74 | 72 7d 0d 0a 24 53 75 62 |l Met Ct|r}..$Sub|
|00001f90| 6a 65 63 74 7b 53 74 72 | 65 73 73 20 69 6e 20 72 |ject{Str|ess in r|
|00001fa0| 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 73 | 20 6f 66 20 62 75 72 6e |elatives| of burn|
|00001fb0| 20 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 | 73 3b 0d 0a 52 65 6c 61 | patient|s;..Rela|
|00001fc0| 74 69 76 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 62 75 72 6e 20 70 61 |tives of| burn pa|
|00001fd0| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 2c 20 | 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 61 |tients, |stress a|
|00001fe0| 6e 64 20 63 6f 70 69 6e | 67 20 69 6e 3b 0d 0a 43 |nd copin|g in;..C|
|00001ff0| 6f 70 69 6e 67 20 69 6e | 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 |oping in| relativ|
|00002000| 65 73 20 6f 66 20 62 75 | 72 6e 20 70 61 74 69 65 |es of bu|rn patie|
|00002010| 6e 74 73 3b 0d 0a 42 75 | 72 6e 20 70 61 74 69 65 |nts;..Bu|rn patie|
|00002020| 6e 74 73 2c 20 73 74 72 | 65 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |nts, str|ess and |
|00002030| 63 6f 70 69 6e 67 20 69 | 6e 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 |coping i|n relati|
|00002040| 76 65 73 20 6f 66 7d 0d | 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 |ves of}.|.$Journa|
|00002050| 6c 7b 48 6f 73 70 20 43 | 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 |l{Hosp C|ommunity|
|00002060| 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 | 74 72 79 7d 0d 0a 24 56 | Psychia|try}..$V|
|00002070| 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 33 39 | 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 65 |olume{39|}..$Page|
|00002080| 7b 31 35 39 2d 31 36 36 | 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 65 |{159-166|}..$Date|
|00002090| 7b 46 65 62 72 75 61 72 | 79 20 31 39 38 38 7d 0d |{Februar|y 1988}.|
|000020a0| 0a 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b | 31 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 |.$YBVol{|1989 Yea|
|000020b0| 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f | 66 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 |r Book o|f Psychi|
|000020c0| 61 74 72 79 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 41 70 70 |atry and| and App|
|000020d0| 6c 69 65 64 20 4d 65 6e | 74 61 6c 20 48 65 61 6c |lied Men|tal Heal|
|000020e0| 74 68 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 | 61 70 74 65 72 7b 31 33 |th}..$Ch|apter{13|
|000020f0| 2d 35 38 7d 0d 0a 24 59 | 42 45 64 69 74 6f 72 7b |-58}..$Y|BEditor{|
|00002100| 44 72 73 2e 20 54 61 6c | 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 46 72 |Drs. Tal|bott, Fr|
|00002110| 61 6e 63 65 73 2c 20 46 | 72 65 65 64 6d 61 6e 2c |ances, F|reedman,|
|00002120| 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a 65 72 | 2c 20 53 63 68 6f 77 61 | Meltzer|, Schowa|
|00002130| 6c 74 65 72 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 57 65 69 6e 65 72 |lter, an|d Weiner|
|00002140| 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c | 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f |}..$Tabl|e{}..$Co|
|00002150| 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f | 72 7b 4a 2e 41 2e 20 54 |mmentato|r{J.A. T|
|00002160| 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 | 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d |albott, |M.D.}...|
|00002170| 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 | 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 59 |.Copyrig|ht (c) Y|
|00002180| 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b | 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 6c |ear Book| Medical|
|00002190| 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 68 | 65 72 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 | Publish|ers, Inc|
|000021a0| 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 39 0d | 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 39 20 |., 1989.|...1989 |
|000021b0| 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f | 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 |Year Boo|k of Psy|
|000021c0| 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 | 61 6e 64 20 41 70 70 6c |chiatry |and Appl|
|000021d0| 69 65 64 20 4d 65 6e 74 | 61 6c 20 48 65 61 6c 74 |ied Ment|al Healt|
|000021e0| 68 20 28 52 29 0d 0a 0d | 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 |h (R)...|.Chapter|
|000021f0| 20 31 33 2d 2d 43 6f 6d | 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 20 50 | 13--Com|munity P|
|00002200| 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 | 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 |sychiatr|y....Pos|
|00002210| 74 74 72 61 75 6d 61 74 | 69 63 20 53 74 72 65 73 |ttraumat|ic Stres|
|00002220| 73 20 44 69 73 6f 72 64 | 65 72 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d |s Disord|er....--|
|00002230| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002240| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002250| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002260| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002270| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a |--------|------..|
|00002280| 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 61 | 6e 64 20 43 6f 70 69 6e |Stress a|nd Copin|
|00002290| 67 20 69 6e 20 52 65 6c | 61 74 69 76 65 73 20 6f |g in Rel|atives o|
|000022a0| 66 20 42 75 72 6e 20 50 | 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 3a |f Burn P|atients:|
|000022b0| 20 20 41 20 4c 6f 6e 67 | 69 74 75 64 69 6e 61 6c | A Long|itudinal|
|000022c0| 20 53 74 75 64 79 0d 0a | 0d 0a 43 65 6c 6c 61 20 | Study..|..Cella |
|000022d0| 44 46 2c 20 50 65 72 72 | 79 20 53 57 2c 20 4b 75 |DF, Perr|y SW, Ku|
|000022e0| 6c 63 68 79 63 6b 79 20 | 53 2c 20 47 6f 6f 64 77 |lchycky |S, Goodw|
|000022f0| 69 6e 20 43 0d 0a 28 52 | 75 73 68 20 4d 65 64 20 |in C..(R|ush Med |
|00002300| 43 6f 6c 6c 65 67 65 2c | 20 43 68 69 63 61 67 6f |College,| Chicago|
|00002310| 3b 20 4e 65 77 20 59 6f | 72 6b 20 48 6f 73 70 2d |; New Yo|rk Hosp-|
|00002320| 43 6f 72 6e 65 6c 6c 20 | 4d 65 74 20 43 74 72 29 |Cornell |Met Ctr)|
|00002330| 0d 0a 48 6f 73 70 20 43 | 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 |..Hosp C|ommunity|
|00002340| 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 | 74 72 79 20 33 39 3a 31 | Psychia|try 39:1|
|00002350| 35 39 2d 31 36 36 2c 20 | 46 65 62 72 75 61 72 79 |59-166, |February|
|00002360| 20 31 39 38 38 0d 0a 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 1988..-|--------|
|00002370| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002380| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002390| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000023a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000023b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d | 0a 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 72 |-------.|...Abstr|
|000023c0| 61 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 53 65 76 65 |act.... | Seve|
|000023d0| 72 65 20 62 75 72 6e 20 | 69 6e 6a 75 72 79 20 69 |re burn |injury i|
|000023e0| 6d 70 6f 73 65 73 20 61 | 63 75 74 65 20 73 74 72 |mposes a|cute str|
|000023f0| 65 73 73 20 6f 6e 20 74 | 68 65 20 66 61 6d 69 6c |ess on t|he famil|
|00002400| 79 2c 20 70 61 72 74 69 | 63 75 6c 61 72 6c 79 20 |y, parti|cularly |
|00002410| 77 68 65 6e 0d 0a 74 68 | 65 20 76 69 63 74 69 6d |when..th|e victim|
|00002420| 20 69 73 20 61 20 63 68 | 69 6c 64 2e 20 20 54 68 | is a ch|ild. Th|
|00002430| 65 20 63 6f 75 72 73 65 | 20 6f 66 20 72 65 63 6f |e course| of reco|
|00002440| 76 65 72 79 20 61 6e 64 | 20 72 65 68 61 62 69 6c |very and| rehabil|
|00002450| 69 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 63 61 6e 20 65 6e 74 61 |itation |can enta|
|00002460| 69 6c 0d 0a 70 65 72 73 | 69 73 74 65 6e 74 20 66 |il..pers|istent f|
|00002470| 61 6d 69 6c 79 20 64 69 | 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 74 |amily di|stress t|
|00002480| 68 72 6f 75 67 68 20 72 | 65 70 65 61 74 65 64 20 |hrough r|epeated |
|00002490| 72 65 6d 69 6e 64 65 72 | 73 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |reminder|s of the|
|000024a0| 20 74 72 61 75 6d 61 74 | 69 63 20 65 76 65 6e 74 | traumat|ic event|
|000024b0| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 46 6f 72 74 79 2d 74 77 |... |Forty-tw|
|000024c0| 6f 20 70 61 72 65 6e 74 | 73 20 61 6e 64 20 36 20 |o parent|s and 6 |
|000024d0| 73 70 6f 75 73 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 62 75 72 6e 20 |spouses |of burn |
|000024e0| 69 6e 6a 75 72 79 20 76 | 69 63 74 69 6d 73 20 77 |injury v|ictims w|
|000024f0| 65 72 65 20 65 76 61 6c | 75 61 74 65 64 20 62 79 |ere eval|uated by|
|00002500| 0d 0a 75 73 69 6e 67 20 | 74 68 65 20 49 6d 70 61 |..using |the Impa|
|00002510| 63 74 20 6f 66 20 45 76 | 65 6e 74 20 53 63 61 6c |ct of Ev|ent Scal|
|00002520| 65 2c 20 53 70 69 65 6c | 62 65 72 67 65 72 20 53 |e, Spiel|berger S|
|00002530| 74 61 74 65 20 41 6e 78 | 69 65 74 79 20 49 6e 76 |tate Anx|iety Inv|
|00002540| 65 6e 74 6f 72 79 2c 20 | 42 65 63 6b 0d 0a 44 65 |entory, |Beck..De|
|00002550| 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e | 20 49 6e 76 65 6e 74 6f |pression| Invento|
|00002560| 72 79 2c 20 42 65 63 6b | 20 48 6f 70 65 6c 65 73 |ry, Beck| Hopeles|
|00002570| 73 6e 65 73 73 20 53 63 | 61 6c 65 2c 20 61 6e 64 |sness Sc|ale, and|
|00002580| 20 50 65 72 63 65 69 76 | 65 64 20 53 74 72 65 73 | Perceiv|ed Stres|
|00002590| 73 20 53 63 61 6c 65 2e | 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 48 |s Scale.|.. H|
|000025a0| 69 67 68 20 6c 65 76 65 | 6c 73 20 6f 66 20 64 69 |igh leve|ls of di|
|000025b0| 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 63 | 68 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 |stress c|haracter|
|000025c0| 69 7a 65 64 20 74 68 65 | 20 61 63 75 74 65 20 70 |ized the| acute p|
|000025d0| 68 61 73 65 20 6f 66 20 | 68 6f 73 70 69 74 61 6c |hase of |hospital|
|000025e0| 69 7a 61 74 69 6f 6e 2e | 0d 0a 41 74 20 36 20 6d |ization.|..At 6 m|
|000025f0| 6f 6e 74 68 73 20 74 68 | 65 20 67 65 6e 65 72 61 |onths th|e genera|
|00002600| 6c 20 70 73 79 63 68 6f | 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 73 79 |l psycho|logic sy|
|00002610| 6d 70 74 6f 6d 73 20 68 | 61 64 20 64 65 63 6c 69 |mptoms h|ad decli|
|00002620| 6e 65 64 20 74 6f 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 6f 72 6d 61 |ned to t|he norma|
|00002630| 6c 20 72 61 6e 67 65 2c | 0d 0a 62 75 74 20 6f 6e |l range,|..but on|
|00002640| 65 20 66 6f 75 72 74 68 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |e fourth| of the |
|00002650| 73 75 62 6a 65 63 74 73 | 20 63 6f 6e 74 69 6e 75 |subjects| continu|
|00002660| 65 64 20 74 6f 20 65 78 | 68 69 62 69 74 20 73 74 |ed to ex|hibit st|
|00002670| 72 65 73 73 20 73 79 6e | 64 72 6f 6d 65 73 20 77 |ress syn|dromes w|
|00002680| 69 74 68 0d 0a 69 6e 74 | 72 75 73 69 76 65 20 61 |ith..int|rusive a|
|00002690| 6e 64 20 61 76 6f 69 64 | 61 6e 74 20 72 65 73 70 |nd avoid|ant resp|
|000026a0| 6f 6e 73 65 73 20 74 6f | 20 74 68 65 20 70 61 73 |onses to| the pas|
|000026b0| 74 20 74 72 61 75 6d 61 | 2e 20 20 53 75 63 68 20 |t trauma|. Such |
|000026c0| 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 | 73 20 77 65 72 65 0d 0a |response|s were..|
|000026d0| 70 72 65 64 69 63 74 65 | 64 20 62 79 20 73 65 6c |predicte|d by sel|
|000026e0| 66 2d 62 6c 61 6d 65 20 | 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 |f-blame |for the |
|000026f0| 69 6e 6a 75 72 79 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 49 74 |injury..|. It|
|00002700| 20 69 73 20 69 6d 70 6f | 72 74 61 6e 74 20 74 6f | is impo|rtant to|
|00002710| 20 69 64 65 6e 74 69 66 | 79 20 72 65 6c 61 74 69 | identif|y relati|
|00002720| 76 65 73 20 61 74 20 72 | 69 73 6b 20 65 61 72 6c |ves at r|isk earl|
|00002730| 79 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 | 20 63 6f 75 72 73 65 20 |y in the| course |
|00002740| 6f 66 20 74 68 65 0d 0a | 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 72 |of the..|stress r|
|00002750| 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 65 2e | 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 77 |esponse.| This w|
|00002760| 69 6c 6c 20 65 6e 68 61 | 6e 63 65 20 63 6f 6d 70 |ill enha|nce comp|
|00002770| 6c 69 61 6e 63 65 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 70 73 79 63 |liance w|ith psyc|
|00002780| 68 6f 74 68 65 72 61 70 | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6c |hotherap|y and al|
|00002790| 73 6f 20 6d 61 79 0d 0a | 61 69 64 20 74 68 65 20 |so may..|aid the |
|000027a0| 6d 65 64 69 63 61 6c 20 | 72 65 68 61 62 69 6c 69 |medical |rehabili|
|000027b0| 74 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e |tation o|f the in|
|000027c0| 6a 75 72 65 64 20 72 65 | 6c 61 74 69 76 65 2e 20 |jured re|lative. |
|000027d0| 20 41 73 73 65 73 73 6d | 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 20 72 | Assessm|ent of r|
|000027e0| 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 73 | 0d 0a 74 6f 20 64 65 74 |elatives|..to det|
|000027f0| 65 63 74 20 73 65 6c 66 | 2d 62 6c 61 6d 65 20 66 |ect self|-blame f|
|00002800| 6f 72 20 74 68 65 20 69 | 6e 6a 75 72 79 20 77 69 |or the i|njury wi|
|00002810| 6c 6c 20 68 65 6c 70 20 | 64 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e |ll help |determin|
|00002820| 65 20 77 68 6f 20 72 65 | 71 75 69 72 65 73 20 70 |e who re|quires p|
|00002830| 72 69 6d 61 72 79 0d 0a | 70 72 65 76 65 6e 74 69 |rimary..|preventi|
|00002840| 76 65 20 65 66 66 6f 72 | 74 73 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 |ve effor|ts.....P|
|00002850| 6f 73 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d | 65 6e 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 |ost-Comm|ent.... |
|00002860| 20 20 20 20 42 65 74 77 | 65 65 6e 20 77 61 72 73 | Betw|een wars|
|00002870| 2c 20 6f 75 72 20 6d 61 | 6a 6f 72 20 65 78 70 65 |, our ma|jor expe|
|00002880| 72 69 65 6e 63 65 73 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 73 74 72 |riences |with str|
|00002890| 65 73 73 20 73 79 6e 64 | 72 6f 6d 65 73 20 6f 63 |ess synd|romes oc|
|000028a0| 63 75 72 20 69 6e 20 74 | 68 65 0d 0a 63 69 76 69 |cur in t|he..civi|
|000028b0| 6c 69 61 6e 20 61 72 65 | 61 20 61 6e 64 20 63 61 |lian are|a and ca|
|000028c0| 6e 20 68 65 6c 70 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 66 75 74 75 |n help w|ith futu|
|000028d0| 72 65 20 74 68 65 72 61 | 70 65 75 74 69 63 20 65 |re thera|peutic e|
|000028e0| 66 66 6f 72 74 73 2e 20 | 20 42 75 72 6e 20 75 6e |fforts. | Burn un|
|000028f0| 69 74 73 20 70 72 65 73 | 65 6e 74 0d 0a 61 20 67 |its pres|ent..a g|
|00002900| 6f 6f 64 20 66 6f 63 61 | 6c 20 70 6f 69 6e 74 20 |ood foca|l point |
|00002910| 66 6f 72 20 73 75 63 68 | 20 72 65 73 65 61 72 63 |for such| researc|
|00002920| 68 2e 20 20 54 68 69 73 | 20 73 74 75 64 79 20 73 |h. This| study s|
|00002930| 68 6f 77 73 20 68 6f 77 | 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 |hows how| importa|
|00002940| 6e 74 20 69 74 20 69 73 | 20 74 6f 0d 0a 61 73 73 |nt it is| to..ass|
|00002950| 65 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 | 77 6f 72 6b 20 77 69 74 |ess and |work wit|
|00002960| 68 20 74 68 65 20 66 61 | 6d 69 6c 69 65 73 20 6f |h the fa|milies o|
|00002970| 66 20 76 69 63 74 69 6d | 73 2c 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 |f victim|s, somet|
|00002980| 68 69 6e 67 20 77 65 20 | 72 61 72 65 6c 79 20 63 |hing we |rarely c|
|00002990| 61 6e 20 64 6f 20 77 69 | 74 68 0d 0a 63 6f 6d 62 |an do wi|th..comb|
|000029a0| 61 74 20 76 69 63 74 69 | 6d 73 2e 2d 2d 4a 2e 41 |at victi|ms.--J.A|
|000029b0| 2e 20 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 | 74 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 0d |. Talbot|t, M.D..|
|000029c0| 0a 24 55 6e 69 71 75 65 | 5f 49 44 7b 59 52 42 30 |.$Unique|_ID{YRB0|
|000029d0| 38 32 30 33 7d 0d 0a 24 | 54 69 74 6c 65 7b 54 6f |8203}..$|Title{To|
|000029e0| 77 61 72 64 20 52 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 50 68 |ward Rat|ional Ph|
|000029f0| 61 72 6d 61 63 6f 74 68 | 65 72 61 70 79 20 66 6f |armacoth|erapy fo|
|00002a00| 72 20 50 6f 73 74 74 72 | 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 20 |r Posttr|aumatic |
|00002a10| 53 74 72 65 73 73 20 44 | 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 3a |Stress D|isorder:|
|00002a20| 20 20 41 6e 20 49 6e 74 | 65 72 69 6d 20 52 65 70 | An Int|erim Rep|
|00002a30| 6f 72 74 7d 0d 0a 24 41 | 75 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a |ort}..$A|uthor{..|
|00002a40| 46 72 69 65 64 6d 61 6e | 2c 20 4d 4a 7d 0d 0a 24 |Friedman|, MJ}..$|
|00002a50| 41 66 66 69 6c 69 61 74 | 69 6f 6e 7b 56 41 20 48 |Affiliat|ion{VA H|
|00002a60| 6f 73 70 2c 20 57 68 69 | 74 65 20 52 69 76 65 72 |osp, Whi|te River|
|00002a70| 20 4a 75 6e 63 74 69 6f | 6e 2c 20 56 74 3b 20 44 | Junctio|n, Vt; D|
|00002a80| 61 72 74 6d 6f 75 74 68 | 20 4d 65 64 20 53 63 68 |artmouth| Med Sch|
|00002a90| 6f 6f 6c 7d 0d 0a 24 53 | 75 62 6a 65 63 74 7b 50 |ool}..$S|ubject{P|
|00002aa0| 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d | 61 74 69 63 20 73 74 72 |osttraum|atic str|
|00002ab0| 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 6f | 72 64 65 72 20 70 68 61 |ess diso|rder pha|
|00002ac0| 72 6d 61 63 6f 74 68 65 | 72 61 70 79 20 66 6f 72 |rmacothe|rapy for|
|00002ad0| 3b 0d 0a 44 72 75 67 28 | 73 29 20 74 68 65 72 61 |;..Drug(|s) thera|
|00002ae0| 70 79 20 66 6f 72 20 70 | 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d |py for p|osttraum|
|00002af0| 61 74 69 63 20 73 74 72 | 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 6f |atic str|ess diso|
|00002b00| 72 64 65 72 7d 0d 0a 24 | 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 6c 7b |rder}..$|Journal{|
|00002b10| 41 6d 20 4a 20 50 73 79 | 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 7d |Am J Psy|chiatry}|
|00002b20| 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d | 65 7b 31 34 35 7d 0d 0a |..$Volum|e{145}..|
|00002b30| 24 50 61 67 65 7b 32 38 | 31 2d 32 38 35 7d 0d 0a |$Page{28|1-285}..|
|00002b40| 24 44 61 74 65 7b 4d 61 | 72 63 68 20 31 39 38 38 |$Date{Ma|rch 1988|
|00002b50| 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 6f | 6c 7b 31 39 38 39 20 59 |}..$YBVo|l{1989 Y|
|00002b60| 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b | 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 63 |ear Book| of Psyc|
|00002b70| 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 61 | 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 41 |hiatry a|nd and A|
|00002b80| 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 4d | 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 65 |pplied M|ental He|
|00002b90| 61 6c 74 68 7d 0d 0a 24 | 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b |alth}..$|Chapter{|
|00002ba0| 31 33 2d 35 39 7d 0d 0a | 24 59 42 45 64 69 74 6f |13-59}..|$YBEdito|
|00002bb0| 72 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 54 | 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 |r{Drs. T|albott, |
|00002bc0| 46 72 61 6e 63 65 73 2c | 20 46 72 65 65 64 6d 61 |Frances,| Freedma|
|00002bd0| 6e 2c 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a | 65 72 2c 20 53 63 68 6f |n, Meltz|er, Scho|
|00002be0| 77 61 6c 74 65 72 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 57 65 69 6e |walter, |and Wein|
|00002bf0| 65 72 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 | 62 6c 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 |er}..$Ta|ble{}..$|
|00002c00| 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 | 74 6f 72 7b 4a 2e 41 2e |Commenta|tor{J.A.|
|00002c10| 20 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 | 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d | Talbott|, M.D.}.|
|00002c20| 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 | 69 67 68 74 20 28 63 29 |...Copyr|ight (c)|
|00002c30| 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f | 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 63 | Year Bo|ok Medic|
|00002c40| 61 6c 20 50 75 62 6c 69 | 73 68 65 72 73 2c 20 49 |al Publi|shers, I|
|00002c50| 6e 63 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 | 39 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 |nc., 198|9....198|
|00002c60| 39 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 | 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 |9 Year B|ook of P|
|00002c70| 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 | 79 20 61 6e 64 20 41 70 |sychiatr|y and Ap|
|00002c80| 70 6c 69 65 64 20 4d 65 | 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 65 61 |plied Me|ntal Hea|
|00002c90| 6c 74 68 20 28 52 29 0d | 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 |lth (R).|...Chapt|
|00002ca0| 65 72 20 31 33 2d 2d 43 | 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 |er 13--C|ommunity|
|00002cb0| 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 | 74 72 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 | Psychia|try....P|
|00002cc0| 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d | 61 74 69 63 20 53 74 72 |osttraum|atic Str|
|00002cd0| 65 73 73 20 44 69 73 6f | 72 64 65 72 0d 0a 0d 0a |ess Diso|rder....|
|00002ce0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002cf0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002d00| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002d10| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002d20| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002d30| 0d 0a 54 6f 77 61 72 64 | 20 52 61 74 69 6f 6e 61 |..Toward| Rationa|
|00002d40| 6c 20 50 68 61 72 6d 61 | 63 6f 74 68 65 72 61 70 |l Pharma|cotherap|
|00002d50| 79 20 66 6f 72 20 50 6f | 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d 61 |y for Po|sttrauma|
|00002d60| 74 69 63 20 53 74 72 65 | 73 73 20 44 69 73 6f 72 |tic Stre|ss Disor|
|00002d70| 64 65 72 3a 20 20 41 6e | 20 49 6e 74 65 72 69 6d |der: An| Interim|
|00002d80| 0d 0a 52 65 70 6f 72 74 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 46 72 69 65 |..Report|....Frie|
|00002d90| 64 6d 61 6e 20 4d 4a 0d | 0a 28 56 41 20 48 6f 73 |dman MJ.|.(VA Hos|
|00002da0| 70 2c 20 57 68 69 74 65 | 20 52 69 76 65 72 20 4a |p, White| River J|
|00002db0| 75 6e 63 74 69 6f 6e 2c | 20 56 74 3b 20 44 61 72 |unction,| Vt; Dar|
|00002dc0| 74 6d 6f 75 74 68 20 4d | 65 64 20 53 63 68 6f 6f |tmouth M|ed Schoo|
|00002dd0| 6c 29 0d 0a 41 6d 20 4a | 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 |l)..Am J| Psychia|
|00002de0| 74 72 79 20 31 34 35 3a | 32 38 31 2d 32 38 35 2c |try 145:|281-285,|
|00002df0| 20 4d 61 72 63 68 20 31 | 39 38 38 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d | March 1|988..---|
|00002e00| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002e10| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002e20| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002e30| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00002e40| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d |--------|-----...|
|00002e50| 0a 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 | 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 |.Abstrac|t.... |
|00002e60| 20 20 43 68 72 6f 6e 69 | 63 20 70 6f 73 74 74 72 | Chroni|c posttr|
|00002e70| 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 20 | 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 64 |aumatic |stress d|
|00002e80| 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 20 | 28 50 54 53 44 29 20 61 |isorder |(PTSD) a|
|00002e90| 70 70 65 61 72 73 20 74 | 6f 20 62 65 20 61 20 68 |ppears t|o be a h|
|00002ea0| 79 70 65 72 61 72 6f 75 | 73 61 6c 0d 0a 73 74 61 |yperarou|sal..sta|
|00002eb0| 74 65 20 61 73 73 6f 63 | 69 61 74 65 64 20 77 69 |te assoc|iated wi|
|00002ec0| 74 68 20 65 78 63 65 73 | 73 69 76 65 20 73 79 6d |th exces|sive sym|
|00002ed0| 70 61 74 68 65 74 69 63 | 20 6e 65 72 76 6f 75 73 |pathetic| nervous|
|00002ee0| 20 61 63 74 69 76 69 74 | 79 2e 20 20 41 20 77 69 | activit|y. A wi|
|00002ef0| 64 65 20 72 61 6e 67 65 | 20 6f 66 0d 0a 64 72 75 |de range| of..dru|
|00002f00| 67 73 2c 20 69 6e 63 6c | 75 64 69 6e 67 20 63 6c |gs, incl|uding cl|
|00002f10| 6f 6e 69 64 69 6e 65 2c | 20 74 72 69 63 79 63 6c |onidine,| tricycl|
|00002f20| 69 63 20 61 6e 74 69 64 | 65 70 72 65 73 73 61 6e |ic antid|epressan|
|00002f30| 74 73 2c 20 6d 6f 6e 6f | 61 6d 69 6e 65 20 6f 78 |ts, mono|amine ox|
|00002f40| 69 64 61 73 65 0d 0a 69 | 6e 68 69 62 69 74 6f 72 |idase..i|nhibitor|
|00002f50| 73 2c 20 70 72 6f 70 72 | 61 6e 6f 6c 6f 6c 2c 20 |s, propr|anolol, |
|00002f60| 6c 69 74 68 69 75 6d 2c | 20 61 6e 64 20 62 65 6e |lithium,| and ben|
|00002f70| 7a 6f 64 69 61 7a 65 70 | 69 6e 65 73 2c 20 68 61 |zodiazep|ines, ha|
|00002f80| 73 20 62 65 65 6e 20 72 | 65 70 6f 72 74 65 64 20 |s been r|eported |
|00002f90| 74 6f 20 62 65 0d 0a 65 | 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 65 |to be..e|ffective|
|00002fa0| 20 69 6e 20 50 54 53 44 | 2e 20 20 41 6e 74 69 70 | in PTSD|. Antip|
|00002fb0| 73 79 63 68 6f 74 69 63 | 20 61 67 65 6e 74 73 20 |sychotic| agents |
|00002fc0| 68 61 76 65 20 6e 6f 20 | 72 6f 6c 65 20 69 6e 20 |have no |role in |
|00002fd0| 74 68 65 20 72 6f 75 74 | 69 6e 65 20 74 72 65 61 |the rout|ine trea|
|00002fe0| 74 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a 6f | 66 20 50 54 53 44 3b 20 |tment..o|f PTSD; |
|00002ff0| 66 72 61 6e 6b 20 70 73 | 79 63 68 6f 73 69 73 20 |frank ps|ychosis |
|00003000| 69 73 20 71 75 69 74 65 | 20 75 6e 75 73 75 61 6c |is quite| unusual|
|00003010| 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 | 54 72 69 63 79 63 6c 69 |... |Tricycli|
|00003020| 63 20 64 72 75 67 73 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 62 65 65 |c drugs |have bee|
|00003030| 6e 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 66 | 72 65 71 75 65 6e 74 6c |n most f|requentl|
|00003040| 79 20 75 73 65 64 2e 20 | 20 54 68 65 79 20 63 6f |y used. | They co|
|00003050| 75 6e 74 65 72 20 68 79 | 70 65 72 61 72 6f 75 73 |unter hy|perarous|
|00003060| 61 6c 0d 0a 74 68 72 6f | 75 67 68 20 74 68 65 69 |al..thro|ugh thei|
|00003070| 72 20 61 6e 74 69 70 61 | 6e 69 63 20 61 63 74 69 |r antipa|nic acti|
|00003080| 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 79 | 20 73 75 70 70 72 65 73 |on, they| suppres|
|00003090| 73 20 66 6c 61 73 68 62 | 61 63 6b 73 2c 20 61 6e |s flashb|acks, an|
|000030a0| 64 20 74 68 65 79 20 72 | 65 64 75 63 65 0d 0a 74 |d they r|educe..t|
|000030b0| 72 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 | 20 6e 69 67 68 74 6d 61 |raumatic| nightma|
|000030c0| 72 65 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | 65 20 61 6e 74 69 64 65 |res. Th|e antide|
|000030d0| 70 72 65 73 73 61 6e 74 | 20 61 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 |pressant| action |
|000030e0| 6f 66 20 74 72 69 63 79 | 63 6c 69 63 73 20 69 73 |of tricy|clics is|
|000030f0| 20 6f 66 20 67 72 65 61 | 74 20 76 61 6c 75 65 0d | of grea|t value.|
|00003100| 0a 62 65 63 61 75 73 65 | 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 70 61 |.because| many pa|
|00003110| 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 77 | 69 74 68 20 63 68 72 6f |tients w|ith chro|
|00003120| 6e 69 63 20 50 54 53 44 | 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 6d 65 |nic PTSD| also me|
|00003130| 65 74 20 44 53 4d 2d 49 | 49 49 20 63 72 69 74 65 |et DSM-I|II crite|
|00003140| 72 69 61 20 66 6f 72 20 | 6d 61 6a 6f 72 0d 0a 64 |ria for |major..d|
|00003150| 65 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f | 6e 2e 20 20 42 65 6e 7a |epressio|n. Benz|
|00003160| 6f 64 69 61 7a 65 70 69 | 6e 65 73 20 61 72 65 20 |odiazepi|nes are |
|00003170| 65 66 66 65 63 74 69 76 | 65 2c 20 62 75 74 20 74 |effectiv|e, but t|
|00003180| 68 65 79 20 6d 75 73 74 | 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 |hey must| be used|
|00003190| 20 63 61 75 74 69 6f 75 | 73 6c 79 20 69 6e 0d 0a | cautiou|sly in..|
|000031a0| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 63 68 |patients| with ch|
|000031b0| 65 6d 69 63 61 6c 20 64 | 65 70 65 6e 64 65 6e 63 |emical d|ependenc|
|000031c0| 79 20 6f 72 20 61 20 68 | 69 73 74 6f 72 79 20 6f |y or a h|istory o|
|000031d0| 66 20 64 72 75 67 20 61 | 64 64 69 63 74 69 6f 6e |f drug a|ddiction|
|000031e0| 20 6f 72 20 61 6c 63 6f | 68 6f 6c 69 73 6d 2e 0d | or alco|holism..|
|000031f0| 0a 20 20 20 20 20 50 68 | 61 72 6d 61 63 6f 74 68 |. Ph|armacoth|
|00003200| 65 72 61 70 79 20 61 6c | 6f 6e 65 20 72 61 72 65 |erapy al|one rare|
|00003210| 6c 79 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 70 72 6f 76 69 64 65 20 |ly will |provide |
|00003220| 63 6f 6d 70 6c 65 74 65 | 20 72 65 6d 69 73 73 69 |complete| remissi|
|00003230| 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 50 54 | 53 44 2e 0d 0a 48 6f 77 |on of PT|SD...How|
|00003240| 65 76 65 72 2c 20 72 65 | 6c 69 65 66 20 6f 66 20 |ever, re|lief of |
|00003250| 73 79 6d 70 74 6f 6d 73 | 20 61 6c 6c 6f 77 73 20 |symptoms| allows |
|00003260| 74 68 65 20 70 61 74 69 | 65 6e 74 20 74 6f 20 70 |the pati|ent to p|
|00003270| 61 72 74 69 63 69 70 61 | 74 65 20 6d 6f 72 65 20 |articipa|te more |
|00003280| 61 63 74 69 76 65 6c 79 | 20 69 6e 0d 0a 69 6e 64 |actively| in..ind|
|00003290| 69 76 69 64 75 61 6c 2c | 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f |ividual,| behavio|
|000032a0| 72 61 6c 2c 20 6f 72 20 | 67 72 6f 75 70 20 70 73 |ral, or |group ps|
|000032b0| 79 63 68 6f 74 68 65 72 | 61 70 79 2e 20 20 44 72 |ychother|apy. Dr|
|000032c0| 75 67 2d 6d 65 64 69 61 | 74 65 64 20 72 65 64 75 |ug-media|ted redu|
|000032d0| 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 69 | 6e 0d 0a 69 6e 74 72 75 |ctions i|n..intru|
|000032e0| 73 69 76 65 20 6f 72 20 | 68 79 70 65 72 61 72 6f |sive or |hyperaro|
|000032f0| 75 73 61 6c 20 73 79 6d | 70 74 6f 6d 73 20 66 61 |usal sym|ptoms fa|
|00003300| 63 69 6c 69 74 61 74 65 | 20 74 68 65 72 61 70 65 |cilitate| therape|
|00003310| 75 74 69 63 20 77 6f 72 | 6b 20 6f 6e 20 67 75 69 |utic wor|k on gui|
|00003320| 6c 74 2c 0d 0a 69 6e 74 | 69 6d 61 63 79 2c 20 72 |lt,..int|imacy, r|
|00003330| 61 67 65 2c 20 6d 6f 72 | 61 6c 20 70 61 69 6e 2c |age, mor|al pain,|
|00003340| 20 61 6e 64 20 6f 74 68 | 65 72 20 69 73 73 75 65 | and oth|er issue|
|00003350| 73 2e 20 20 49 74 20 69 | 73 20 68 6f 70 65 64 20 |s. It i|s hoped |
|00003360| 74 68 61 74 20 61 20 62 | 65 74 74 65 72 0d 0a 75 |that a b|etter..u|
|00003370| 6e 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e | 64 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 |nderstan|ding of |
|00003380| 74 68 65 20 62 69 6f 6c | 6f 67 69 63 20 63 6f 72 |the biol|ogic cor|
|00003390| 72 65 6c 61 74 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 50 54 53 44 20 |relates |of PTSD |
|000033a0| 77 69 6c 6c 20 6c 65 61 | 64 20 74 6f 20 72 61 74 |will lea|d to rat|
|000033b0| 69 6f 6e 61 6c 20 64 72 | 75 67 0d 0a 74 72 65 61 |ional dr|ug..trea|
|000033c0| 74 6d 65 6e 74 20 66 6f | 72 20 74 68 69 73 20 64 |tment fo|r this d|
|000033d0| 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 2e | 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 |isorder.|....Post|
|000033e0| 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 |-Comment|.... |
|000033f0| 20 49 6e 20 56 69 65 74 | 6e 61 6d 2c 20 6d 61 6e | In Viet|nam, man|
|00003400| 79 20 6f 66 20 74 68 6f | 73 65 20 73 75 66 66 65 |y of tho|se suffe|
|00003410| 72 69 6e 67 20 66 72 6f | 6d 20 63 6f 6d 62 61 74 |ring fro|m combat|
|00003420| 2d 72 65 6c 61 74 65 64 | 20 50 54 53 44 20 77 65 |-related| PTSD we|
|00003430| 72 65 20 67 69 76 65 6e | 0d 0a 61 6e 74 69 70 73 |re given|..antips|
|00003440| 79 63 68 6f 74 69 63 73 | 2c 20 6f 73 74 65 6e 73 |ychotics|, ostens|
|00003450| 69 62 6c 79 20 62 65 63 | 61 75 73 65 20 74 68 65 |ibly bec|ause the|
|00003460| 79 20 77 65 72 65 20 6f | 66 74 65 6e 20 70 73 79 |y were o|ften psy|
|00003470| 63 68 6f 74 69 63 2c 20 | 70 61 72 61 6e 6f 69 64 |chotic, |paranoid|
|00003480| 2c 20 6f 72 0d 0a 64 69 | 73 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 |, or..di|ssociate|
|00003490| 64 2c 20 62 75 74 20 49 | 20 73 75 73 70 65 63 74 |d, but I| suspect|
|000034a0| 20 69 74 20 77 61 73 20 | 72 65 61 6c 6c 79 20 62 | it was |really b|
|000034b0| 65 63 61 75 73 65 20 6f | 66 20 74 68 65 20 64 72 |ecause o|f the dr|
|000034c0| 75 67 73 27 20 73 6f 70 | 6f 72 69 66 69 63 20 65 |ugs' sop|orific e|
|000034d0| 66 66 65 63 74 2e 0d 0a | 46 72 69 65 64 6d 61 6e |ffect...|Friedman|
|000034e0| 20 62 6c 6f 77 73 20 74 | 68 69 73 20 75 73 65 20 | blows t|his use |
|000034f0| 61 70 61 72 74 20 62 75 | 74 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6d |apart bu|t does m|
|00003500| 61 6b 65 20 61 20 76 65 | 72 79 20 67 6f 6f 64 20 |ake a ve|ry good |
|00003510| 63 61 73 65 20 66 6f 72 | 20 74 68 65 20 75 73 65 |case for| the use|
|00003520| 20 6f 66 0d 0a 61 6e 74 | 69 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 | of..ant|idepress|
|00003530| 61 6e 74 73 2e 20 20 48 | 69 73 20 63 61 75 74 69 |ants. H|is cauti|
|00003540| 6f 6e 20 61 62 6f 75 74 | 20 61 6e 74 69 61 6e 78 |on about| antianx|
|00003550| 69 65 74 79 20 6d 65 64 | 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 |iety med|ication |
|00003560| 69 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 | 75 73 65 66 75 6c 2e 2d |is also |useful.-|
|00003570| 2d 4a 2e 41 2e 0d 0a 54 | 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 |-J.A...T|albott, |
|00003580| 4d 2e 44 2e 0d 0a 24 55 | 6e 69 71 75 65 5f 49 44 |M.D...$U|nique_ID|
|00003590| 7b 59 52 42 30 38 32 30 | 34 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 |{YRB0820|4}..$Tit|
|000035a0| 6c 65 7b 50 72 65 63 75 | 72 73 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 |le{Precu|rsors of|
|000035b0| 20 44 65 70 72 65 73 73 | 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 57 | Depress|ion in W|
|000035c0| 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 72 | 20 49 49 20 56 65 74 65 |orld War| II Vete|
|000035d0| 72 61 6e 73 20 34 30 20 | 59 65 61 72 73 20 41 66 |rans 40 |Years Af|
|000035e0| 74 65 72 20 74 68 65 20 | 57 61 72 7d 0d 0a 24 41 |ter the |War}..$A|
|000035f0| 75 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a | 44 65 6e 74 2c 20 4f 46 |uthor{..|Dent, OF|
|00003600| 0d 0a 54 65 6e 6e 61 6e | 74 2c 20 43 43 0d 0a 47 |..Tennan|t, CC..G|
|00003610| 6f 75 6c 73 74 6f 6e 2c | 20 4b 4a 7d 0d 0a 24 41 |oulston,| KJ}..$A|
|00003620| 66 66 69 6c 69 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 7b 41 75 73 74 72 |ffiliati|on{Austr|
|00003630| 61 6c 69 61 6e 20 4e 61 | 74 6c 20 55 6e 69 76 2c |alian Na|tl Univ,|
|00003640| 20 43 61 6e 62 65 72 72 | 61 3b 20 55 6e 69 76 20 | Canberr|a; Univ |
|00003650| 6f 66 20 53 79 64 6e 65 | 79 3b 20 52 65 70 61 74 |of Sydne|y; Repat|
|00003660| 72 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 47 65 6e 20 48 6f 73 70 |riation |Gen Hosp|
|00003670| 2c 20 43 6f 6e 63 6f 72 | 64 2c 20 41 75 73 74 72 |, Concor|d, Austr|
|00003680| 61 6c 69 61 7d 0d 0a 24 | 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 7b |alia}..$|Subject{|
|00003690| 56 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 | 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 |Veterans| World W|
|000036a0| 61 72 20 49 49 20 64 65 | 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e |ar II de|pression|
|000036b0| 20 69 6e 2c 20 34 30 20 | 79 65 61 72 73 20 61 66 | in, 40 |years af|
|000036c0| 74 65 72 20 77 61 72 3b | 0d 0a 44 65 70 72 65 73 |ter war;|..Depres|
|000036d0| 73 69 6f 6e 20 69 6e 20 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 |sion in |World Wa|
|000036e0| 72 20 49 49 20 76 65 74 | 65 72 61 6e 73 20 34 30 |r II vet|erans 40|
|000036f0| 20 79 65 61 72 73 20 61 | 66 74 65 72 20 77 61 72 | years a|fter war|
|00003700| 7d 0d 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 | 6e 61 6c 7b 4a 20 4e 65 |}..$Jour|nal{J Ne|
|00003710| 72 76 20 4d 65 6e 74 20 | 44 69 73 7d 0d 0a 24 56 |rv Ment |Dis}..$V|
|00003720| 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b 31 37 | 35 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 |olume{17|5}..$Pag|
|00003730| 65 7b 34 38 36 2d 34 39 | 30 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 |e{486-49|0}..$Dat|
|00003740| 65 7b 41 75 67 75 73 74 | 20 31 39 38 37 7d 0d 0a |e{August| 1987}..|
|00003750| 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b 31 | 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 72 |$YBVol{1|989 Year|
|00003760| 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 | 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 | Book of| Psychia|
|00003770| 74 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 | 61 6e 64 20 41 70 70 6c |try and |and Appl|
|00003780| 69 65 64 20 4d 65 6e 74 | 61 6c 20 48 65 61 6c 74 |ied Ment|al Healt|
|00003790| 68 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 61 | 70 74 65 72 7b 31 33 2d |h}..$Cha|pter{13-|
|000037a0| 36 30 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 | 45 64 69 74 6f 72 7b 44 |60}..$YB|Editor{D|
|000037b0| 72 73 2e 20 54 61 6c 62 | 6f 74 74 2c 20 46 72 61 |rs. Talb|ott, Fra|
|000037c0| 6e 63 65 73 2c 20 46 72 | 65 65 64 6d 61 6e 2c 20 |nces, Fr|eedman, |
|000037d0| 4d 65 6c 74 7a 65 72 2c | 20 53 63 68 6f 77 61 6c |Meltzer,| Schowal|
|000037e0| 74 65 72 2c 20 61 6e 64 | 20 57 65 69 6e 65 72 7d |ter, and| Weiner}|
|000037f0| 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c 65 | 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f 6d |..$Table|{}..$Com|
|00003800| 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f 72 | 7b 4a 2e 41 2e 20 54 61 |mentator|{J.A. Ta|
|00003810| 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 4d | 2e 44 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a |lbott, M|.D.}....|
|00003820| 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 68 | 74 20 28 63 29 20 59 65 |Copyrigh|t (c) Ye|
|00003830| 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 | 4d 65 64 69 63 61 6c 20 |ar Book |Medical |
|00003840| 50 75 62 6c 69 73 68 65 | 72 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 2e |Publishe|rs, Inc.|
|00003850| 2c 20 31 39 38 39 0d 0a | 0d 0a 31 39 38 39 20 59 |, 1989..|..1989 Y|
|00003860| 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b | 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 63 |ear Book| of Psyc|
|00003870| 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 61 | 6e 64 20 41 70 70 6c 69 |hiatry a|nd Appli|
|00003880| 65 64 20 4d 65 6e 74 61 | 6c 20 48 65 61 6c 74 68 |ed Menta|l Health|
|00003890| 20 28 52 29 0d 0a 0d 0a | 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 20 | (R)....|Chapter |
|000038a0| 31 33 2d 2d 43 6f 6d 6d | 75 6e 69 74 79 20 50 73 |13--Comm|unity Ps|
|000038b0| 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 | 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 |ychiatry|....Post|
|000038c0| 74 72 61 75 6d 61 74 69 | 63 20 53 74 72 65 73 73 |traumati|c Stress|
|000038d0| 20 44 69 73 6f 72 64 65 | 72 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d | Disorde|r....---|
|000038e0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000038f0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003900| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003910| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003920| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 50 |--------|-----..P|
|00003930| 72 65 63 75 72 73 6f 72 | 73 20 6f 66 20 44 65 70 |recursor|s of Dep|
|00003940| 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 | 69 6e 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 |ression |in World|
|00003950| 20 57 61 72 20 49 49 20 | 56 65 74 65 72 61 6e 73 | War II |Veterans|
|00003960| 20 34 30 20 59 65 61 72 | 73 20 41 66 74 65 72 20 | 40 Year|s After |
|00003970| 74 68 65 20 57 61 72 0d | 0a 0d 0a 44 65 6e 74 20 |the War.|...Dent |
|00003980| 4f 46 2c 20 54 65 6e 6e | 61 6e 74 20 43 43 2c 20 |OF, Tenn|ant CC, |
|00003990| 47 6f 75 6c 73 74 6f 6e | 20 4b 4a 0d 0a 28 41 75 |Goulston| KJ..(Au|
|000039a0| 73 74 72 61 6c 69 61 6e | 20 4e 61 74 6c 20 55 6e |stralian| Natl Un|
|000039b0| 69 76 2c 20 43 61 6e 62 | 65 72 72 61 3b 20 55 6e |iv, Canb|erra; Un|
|000039c0| 69 76 20 6f 66 20 53 79 | 64 6e 65 79 3b 20 52 65 |iv of Sy|dney; Re|
|000039d0| 70 61 74 72 69 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 47 65 6e 20 48 |patriati|on Gen H|
|000039e0| 6f 73 70 2c 20 43 6f 6e | 63 6f 72 64 2c 0d 0a 41 |osp, Con|cord,..A|
|000039f0| 75 73 74 72 61 6c 69 61 | 29 0d 0a 4a 20 4e 65 72 |ustralia|)..J Ner|
|00003a00| 76 20 4d 65 6e 74 20 44 | 69 73 20 31 37 35 3a 34 |v Ment D|is 175:4|
|00003a10| 38 36 2d 34 39 30 2c 20 | 41 75 67 75 73 74 20 31 |86-490, |August 1|
|00003a20| 39 38 37 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |987..---|--------|
|00003a30| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003a40| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003a50| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003a60| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00003a70| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d | 0a 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 |-----...|.Abstrac|
|00003a80| 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 42 65 63 61 75 73 |t.... | Becaus|
|00003a90| 65 20 72 61 74 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 73 75 69 63 69 |e rates |of suici|
|00003aa0| 64 65 20 61 6d 6f 6e 67 | 20 41 75 73 74 72 61 6c |de among| Austral|
|00003ab0| 69 61 6e 20 66 6f 72 6d | 65 72 20 70 72 69 73 6f |ian form|er priso|
|00003ac0| 6e 65 72 73 20 6f 66 20 | 77 61 72 20 28 50 4f 57 |ners of |war (POW|
|00003ad0| 73 29 0d 0a 66 72 6f 6d | 20 74 68 65 20 50 61 63 |s)..from| the Pac|
|00003ae0| 69 66 69 63 20 74 68 65 | 61 74 65 72 20 6f 66 20 |ific the|ater of |
|00003af0| 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 | 72 20 49 49 20 68 61 76 |World Wa|r II hav|
|00003b00| 65 20 62 65 65 6e 20 68 | 69 67 68 65 72 20 74 68 |e been h|igher th|
|00003b10| 61 6e 20 65 78 70 65 63 | 74 65 64 2c 20 74 68 65 |an expec|ted, the|
|00003b20| 0d 0a 69 6d 70 61 63 74 | 20 6f 66 20 77 61 72 74 |..impact| of wart|
|00003b30| 69 6d 65 20 73 74 72 65 | 73 73 20 61 6e 64 20 6f |ime stre|ss and o|
|00003b40| 74 68 65 72 20 70 73 79 | 63 68 6f 73 6f 63 69 61 |ther psy|chosocia|
|00003b50| 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 68 65 | 61 6c 74 68 20 76 61 72 |l and he|alth var|
|00003b60| 69 61 62 6c 65 73 20 6f | 6e 0d 0a 64 65 70 72 65 |iables o|n..depre|
|00003b70| 73 73 69 76 65 20 69 6c | 6c 6e 65 73 73 20 77 65 |ssive il|lness we|
|00003b80| 72 65 20 73 74 75 64 69 | 65 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 |re studi|ed in a |
|00003b90| 63 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 | 67 72 6f 75 70 20 61 6e |control |group an|
|00003ba0| 64 20 69 6e 20 61 20 67 | 72 6f 75 70 20 6f 66 20 |d in a g|roup of |
|00003bb0| 41 75 73 74 72 61 6c 69 | 61 6e 0d 0a 76 65 74 65 |Australi|an..vete|
|00003bc0| 72 61 6e 73 20 77 68 6f | 20 68 61 64 20 62 65 65 |rans who| had bee|
|00003bd0| 6e 20 74 61 6b 65 6e 20 | 70 72 69 73 6f 6e 65 72 |n taken |prisoner|
|00003be0| 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 4a 61 70 61 6e 65 73 65 | by the |Japanese|
|00003bf0| 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 20 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 | during |World Wa|
|00003c00| 72 20 49 49 2e 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 41 20 72 61 |r II... | A ra|
|00003c10| 6e 64 6f 6d 20 73 61 6d | 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 31 |ndom sam|ple of 1|
|00003c20| 37 30 20 73 75 72 76 69 | 76 69 6e 67 20 6d 65 6d |70 survi|ving mem|
|00003c30| 62 65 72 73 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 63 61 70 74 |bers of |the capt|
|00003c40| 75 72 65 64 20 45 69 67 | 68 74 68 20 44 69 76 69 |ured Eig|hth Divi|
|00003c50| 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 0d | 0a 74 68 65 20 41 75 73 |sion of.|.the Aus|
|00003c60| 74 72 61 6c 69 61 6e 20 | 41 72 6d 79 20 77 61 73 |tralian |Army was|
|00003c70| 20 73 74 75 64 69 65 64 | 2e 20 20 46 6f 72 20 63 | studied|. For c|
|00003c80| 6f 6d 70 61 72 69 73 6f | 6e 2c 20 61 20 73 69 6d |ompariso|n, a sim|
|00003c90| 69 6c 61 72 20 73 61 6d | 70 6c 65 20 6f 66 20 31 |ilar sam|ple of 1|
|00003ca0| 37 32 0d 0a 76 65 74 65 | 72 61 6e 73 20 77 68 6f |72..vete|rans who|
|00003cb0| 20 66 6f 75 67 68 74 20 | 69 6e 20 53 6f 75 74 68 | fought |in South|
|00003cc0| 65 61 73 74 20 41 73 69 | 61 20 64 75 72 69 6e 67 |east Asi|a during|
|00003cd0| 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 72 | 20 62 75 74 20 68 61 64 | the war| but had|
|00003ce0| 20 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 65 | 6e 20 69 6d 70 72 69 73 | not bee|n impris|
|00003cf0| 6f 6e 65 64 0d 0a 77 61 | 73 20 73 74 75 64 69 65 |oned..wa|s studie|
|00003d00| 64 2e 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 | 73 75 62 6a 65 63 74 73 |d. All |subjects|
|00003d10| 20 77 65 72 65 20 67 69 | 76 65 6e 20 61 20 63 6c | were gi|ven a cl|
|00003d20| 69 6e 69 63 61 6c 20 70 | 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 |inical p|sychiatr|
|00003d30| 69 63 20 69 6e 74 65 72 | 76 69 65 77 20 75 73 69 |ic inter|view usi|
|00003d40| 6e 67 0d 0a 44 53 4d 2d | 49 49 49 20 63 72 69 74 |ng..DSM-|III crit|
|00003d50| 65 72 69 61 20 74 6f 20 | 65 73 74 61 62 6c 69 73 |eria to |establis|
|00003d60| 68 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 | 72 20 65 61 63 68 20 76 |h whethe|r each v|
|00003d70| 65 74 65 72 61 6e 20 68 | 61 64 20 65 78 70 65 72 |eteran h|ad exper|
|00003d80| 69 65 6e 63 65 64 20 31 | 20 6f 72 20 6d 6f 72 65 |ienced 1| or more|
|00003d90| 0d 0a 65 70 69 73 6f 64 | 65 73 20 6f 66 20 6d 61 |..episod|es of ma|
|00003da0| 6a 6f 72 20 64 65 70 72 | 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 6f |jor depr|ession o|
|00003db0| 72 20 64 79 73 74 68 79 | 6d 69 63 20 64 69 73 6f |r dysthy|mic diso|
|00003dc0| 72 64 65 72 20 64 75 72 | 69 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 |rder dur|ing the |
|00003dd0| 34 30 2d 79 65 61 72 20 | 70 65 72 69 6f 64 0d 0a |40-year |period..|
|00003de0| 73 69 6e 63 65 20 57 6f | 72 6c 64 20 57 61 72 20 |since Wo|rld War |
|00003df0| 49 49 20 65 6e 64 65 64 | 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |II ended|... |
|00003e00| 46 6f 72 6d 65 72 20 70 | 72 69 73 6f 6e 65 72 73 |Former p|risoners|
|00003e10| 20 6f 66 20 77 61 72 20 | 68 61 64 20 61 20 67 72 | of war |had a gr|
|00003e20| 65 61 74 65 72 20 70 6f | 73 74 77 61 72 20 70 72 |eater po|stwar pr|
|00003e30| 65 76 61 6c 65 6e 63 65 | 20 6f 66 20 64 65 70 72 |evalence| of depr|
|00003e40| 65 73 73 69 76 65 0d 0a | 69 6c 6c 6e 65 73 73 20 |essive..|illness |
|00003e50| 61 6e 64 20 6d 61 72 6b | 65 64 6c 79 20 68 69 67 |and mark|edly hig|
|00003e60| 68 65 72 20 73 63 6f 72 | 65 73 20 6f 6e 20 64 65 |her scor|es on de|
|00003e70| 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e | 20 73 63 61 6c 65 73 20 |pression| scales |
|00003e80| 34 30 20 79 65 61 72 73 | 20 61 66 74 65 72 20 57 |40 years| after W|
|00003e90| 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 72 | 0d 0a 49 49 20 74 68 61 |orld War|..II tha|
|00003ea0| 6e 20 6e 6f 6e 2d 50 4f | 57 73 2e 20 20 54 68 69 |n non-PO|Ws. Thi|
|00003eb0| 73 20 69 6e 63 72 65 61 | 73 65 64 20 69 6e 63 69 |s increa|sed inci|
|00003ec0| 64 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e | 20 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 |dence in| depress|
|00003ed0| 69 6f 6e 20 77 61 73 20 | 6e 6f 74 20 61 74 74 72 |ion was |not attr|
|00003ee0| 69 62 75 74 61 62 6c 65 | 0d 0a 74 6f 20 70 6f 73 |ibutable|..to pos|
|00003ef0| 74 77 61 72 20 70 68 79 | 73 69 63 61 6c 20 6d 6f |twar phy|sical mo|
|00003f00| 72 62 69 64 69 74 79 20 | 63 61 75 73 65 64 20 62 |rbidity |caused b|
|00003f10| 79 20 6d 61 6c 6e 75 74 | 72 69 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 |y malnut|rition, |
|00003f20| 69 6e 66 65 63 74 69 6f | 6e 73 2c 20 70 61 72 61 |infectio|ns, para|
|00003f30| 73 69 74 69 63 0d 0a 69 | 6e 66 65 73 74 61 74 69 |sitic..i|nfestati|
|00003f40| 6f 6e 73 2c 20 66 6f 72 | 63 65 64 20 6c 61 62 6f |ons, for|ced labo|
|00003f50| 72 2c 20 6f 72 20 70 68 | 79 73 69 63 61 6c 20 61 |r, or ph|ysical a|
|00003f60| 62 75 73 65 20 65 78 70 | 65 72 69 65 6e 63 65 64 |buse exp|erienced|
|00003f70| 20 62 79 20 74 68 65 20 | 50 4f 57 73 20 64 75 72 | by the |POWs dur|
|00003f80| 69 6e 67 0d 0a 69 6d 70 | 72 69 73 6f 6e 6d 65 6e |ing..imp|risonmen|
|00003f90| 74 2e 20 20 49 6e 20 62 | 6f 74 68 20 50 4f 57 73 |t. In b|oth POWs|
|00003fa0| 20 61 6e 64 20 6e 6f 6e | 2d 50 4f 57 73 2c 20 74 | and non|-POWs, t|
|00003fb0| 68 65 20 73 74 72 6f 6e | 67 65 73 74 20 69 6e 66 |he stron|gest inf|
|00003fc0| 6c 75 65 6e 63 65 73 20 | 6f 6e 20 63 75 72 72 65 |luences |on curre|
|00003fd0| 6e 74 0d 0a 64 65 70 72 | 65 73 73 69 6f 6e 20 77 |nt..depr|ession w|
|00003fe0| 65 72 65 20 66 72 6f 6d | 20 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 |ere from| depress|
|00003ff0| 69 76 65 20 69 6c 6c 6e | 65 73 73 20 64 75 72 69 |ive illn|ess duri|
|00004000| 6e 67 20 74 68 65 20 70 | 6f 73 74 77 61 72 20 70 |ng the p|ostwar p|
|00004010| 65 72 69 6f 64 20 61 6e | 64 20 6e 65 72 76 6f 75 |eriod an|d nervou|
|00004020| 73 0d 0a 69 6c 6c 6e 65 | 73 73 20 64 75 72 69 6e |s..illne|ss durin|
|00004030| 67 20 74 68 65 20 77 61 | 72 2e 20 20 54 68 65 72 |g the wa|r. Ther|
|00004040| 65 20 77 61 73 20 6e 6f | 20 61 73 73 6f 63 69 61 |e was no| associa|
|00004050| 74 69 6f 6e 20 6f 66 20 | 64 65 70 72 65 73 73 69 |tion of |depressi|
|00004060| 6f 6e 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 70 68 79 73 69 63 61 6c |on with |physical|
|00004070| 0d 0a 69 6c 6c 6e 65 73 | 73 20 6f 72 20 61 6c 63 |..illnes|s or alc|
|00004080| 6f 68 6f 6c 20 63 6f 6e | 73 75 6d 70 74 69 6f 6e |ohol con|sumption|
|00004090| 20 69 6e 20 65 69 74 68 | 65 72 20 67 72 6f 75 70 | in eith|er group|
|000040a0| 2e 20 20 41 20 63 6c 65 | 61 72 20 6c 69 6e 6b 61 |. A cle|ar linka|
|000040b0| 67 65 20 77 61 73 20 65 | 73 74 61 62 6c 69 73 68 |ge was e|stablish|
|000040c0| 65 64 0d 0a 62 65 74 77 | 65 65 6e 20 77 61 72 74 |ed..betw|een wart|
|000040d0| 69 6d 65 20 6e 65 72 76 | 6f 75 73 20 69 6c 6c 6e |ime nerv|ous illn|
|000040e0| 65 73 73 20 34 30 20 79 | 65 61 72 73 20 61 67 6f |ess 40 y|ears ago|
|000040f0| 2c 20 70 6f 73 74 77 61 | 72 20 64 65 70 72 65 73 |, postwa|r depres|
|00004100| 73 69 76 65 20 73 74 61 | 74 65 73 2c 20 61 6e 64 |sive sta|tes, and|
|00004110| 0d 0a 70 72 65 73 65 6e | 74 2d 64 61 79 20 64 65 |..presen|t-day de|
|00004120| 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f 6e | 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 |pression|.....Pos|
|00004130| 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e | 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 |t-Commen|t.... |
|00004140| 20 20 54 68 69 73 20 41 | 75 73 74 72 61 6c 69 61 | This A|ustralia|
|00004150| 6e 20 73 74 75 64 79 20 | 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 6c |n study |of the l|
|00004160| 6f 6e 67 2d 74 65 72 6d | 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 |ong-term| effects|
|00004170| 20 6f 66 20 77 61 72 74 | 69 6d 65 20 28 57 6f 72 | of wart|ime (Wor|
|00004180| 6c 64 20 57 61 72 20 49 | 49 29 0d 0a 65 78 70 65 |ld War I|I)..expe|
|00004190| 72 69 65 6e 63 65 20 64 | 6f 65 73 20 68 65 6c 70 |rience d|oes help|
|000041a0| 20 61 6e 73 77 65 72 20 | 77 68 61 74 20 66 61 63 | answer |what fac|
|000041b0| 69 6c 69 74 61 74 65 73 | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 72 6f |ilitates| and pro|
|000041c0| 74 65 63 74 73 20 61 67 | 61 69 6e 73 74 20 66 75 |tects ag|ainst fu|
|000041d0| 74 75 72 65 0d 0a 64 65 | 76 65 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e |ture..de|velopmen|
|000041e0| 74 20 6f 66 20 70 73 79 | 63 68 69 61 74 72 69 63 |t of psy|chiatric|
|000041f0| 20 64 69 73 6f 72 64 65 | 72 73 2e 20 20 4e 6f 74 | disorde|rs. Not|
|00004200| 68 69 6e 67 20 69 73 20 | 74 65 72 72 69 62 6c 79 |hing is |terribly|
|00004210| 20 73 75 72 70 72 69 73 | 69 6e 67 20 28 65 2e 67 | surpris|ing (e.g|
|00004220| 2e 2c 0d 0a 69 6d 70 72 | 69 73 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 |.,..impr|isonment|
|00004230| 27 73 20 62 61 64 20 65 | 66 66 65 63 74 2c 20 6d |'s bad e|ffect, m|
|00004240| 61 72 72 69 61 67 65 20 | 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 63 69 |arriage |and soci|
|00004250| 61 6c 20 73 74 61 62 69 | 6c 69 74 79 27 73 20 67 |al stabi|lity's g|
|00004260| 6f 6f 64 20 65 66 66 65 | 63 74 29 2c 20 62 75 74 |ood effe|ct), but|
|00004270| 20 69 74 0d 0a 61 64 64 | 73 20 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 | it..add|s consid|
|00004280| 65 72 61 62 6c 79 20 74 | 6f 20 6f 75 72 20 6f 76 |erably t|o our ov|
|00004290| 65 72 61 6c 6c 20 75 6e | 64 65 72 73 74 61 6e 64 |erall un|derstand|
|000042a0| 69 6e 67 20 6f 66 20 74 | 68 65 20 65 78 70 65 72 |ing of t|he exper|
|000042b0| 69 65 6e 63 65 20 61 6e | 64 20 69 74 73 0d 0a 73 |ience an|d its..s|
|000042c0| 65 71 75 65 6c 61 65 2e | 2d 2d 4a 2e 41 2e 20 54 |equelae.|--J.A. T|
|000042d0| 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 | 4d 2e 44 2e 0d 0a 24 55 |albott, |M.D...$U|
|000042e0| 6e 69 71 75 65 5f 49 44 | 7b 59 52 42 30 38 32 30 |nique_ID|{YRB0820|
|000042f0| 35 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 74 | 6c 65 7b 53 75 72 76 69 |5}..$Tit|le{Survi|
|00004300| 76 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 20 | 49 6d 70 72 69 73 6f 6e |vors of |Imprison|
|00004310| 6d 65 6e 74 20 69 6e 20 | 74 68 65 20 50 61 63 69 |ment in |the Paci|
|00004320| 66 69 63 20 54 68 65 61 | 74 65 72 20 44 75 72 69 |fic Thea|ter Duri|
|00004330| 6e 67 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 | 20 57 61 72 20 49 49 7d |ng World| War II}|
|00004340| 0d 0a 24 41 75 74 68 6f | 72 7b 0d 0a 47 6f 6c 64 |..$Autho|r{..Gold|
|00004350| 73 74 65 69 6e 2c 20 47 | 0d 0a 76 61 6e 2c 20 4b |stein, G|..van, K|
|00004360| 61 6d 6d 65 6e 20 57 0d | 0a 53 68 65 6c 6c 79 2c |ammen W.|.Shelly,|
|00004370| 20 43 0d 0a 4d 69 6c 6c | 65 72 2c 20 44 4a 0d 0a | C..Mill|er, DJ..|
|00004380| 76 61 6e 20 4b 61 6d 6d | 65 6e 2c 20 44 50 7d 0d |van Kamm|en, DP}.|
|00004390| 0a 24 41 66 66 69 6c 69 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b 56 41 |.$Affili|ation{VA|
|000043a0| 20 4d 65 64 20 43 74 72 | 2c 20 50 69 74 74 73 62 | Med Ctr|, Pittsb|
|000043b0| 75 72 67 68 3b 20 55 6e | 69 76 20 6f 66 20 50 69 |urgh; Un|iv of Pi|
|000043c0| 74 74 73 62 75 72 67 68 | 7d 0d 0a 24 53 75 62 6a |ttsburgh|}..$Subj|
|000043d0| 65 63 74 7b 56 65 74 65 | 72 61 6e 73 20 57 6f 72 |ect{Vete|rans Wor|
|000043e0| 6c 64 20 57 61 72 20 49 | 49 20 73 75 72 76 69 76 |ld War I|I surviv|
|000043f0| 6f 72 73 20 6f 66 20 69 | 6d 70 72 69 73 6f 6e 6d |ors of i|mprisonm|
|00004400| 65 6e 74 3b 0d 0a 49 6d | 70 72 69 73 6f 6e 6d 65 |ent;..Im|prisonme|
|00004410| 6e 74 20 57 6f 72 6c 64 | 20 57 61 72 20 49 49 20 |nt World| War II |
|00004420| 73 75 72 76 69 76 6f 72 | 73 20 6f 66 7d 0d 0a 24 |survivor|s of}..$|
|00004430| 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 6c 7b | 41 6d 20 4a 20 50 73 79 |Journal{|Am J Psy|
|00004440| 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 7d | 0d 0a 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d |chiatry}|..$Volum|
|00004450| 65 7b 31 34 34 7d 0d 0a | 24 50 61 67 65 7b 31 32 |e{144}..|$Page{12|
|00004460| 31 30 2d 31 32 31 33 7d | 0d 0a 24 44 61 74 65 7b |10-1213}|..$Date{|
|00004470| 53 65 70 74 65 6d 62 65 | 72 20 31 39 38 37 7d 0d |Septembe|r 1987}.|
|00004480| 0a 24 59 42 56 6f 6c 7b | 31 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 |.$YBVol{|1989 Yea|
|00004490| 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f | 66 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 |r Book o|f Psychi|
|000044a0| 61 74 72 79 20 61 6e 64 | 20 61 6e 64 20 41 70 70 |atry and| and App|
|000044b0| 6c 69 65 64 20 4d 65 6e | 74 61 6c 20 48 65 61 6c |lied Men|tal Heal|
|000044c0| 74 68 7d 0d 0a 24 43 68 | 61 70 74 65 72 7b 31 33 |th}..$Ch|apter{13|
|000044d0| 2d 36 31 7d 0d 0a 24 59 | 42 45 64 69 74 6f 72 7b |-61}..$Y|BEditor{|
|000044e0| 44 72 73 2e 20 54 61 6c | 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 46 72 |Drs. Tal|bott, Fr|
|000044f0| 61 6e 63 65 73 2c 20 46 | 72 65 65 64 6d 61 6e 2c |ances, F|reedman,|
|00004500| 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a 65 72 | 2c 20 53 63 68 6f 77 61 | Meltzer|, Schowa|
|00004510| 6c 74 65 72 2c 20 61 6e | 64 20 57 65 69 6e 65 72 |lter, an|d Weiner|
|00004520| 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 62 6c | 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 43 6f |}..$Tabl|e{}..$Co|
|00004530| 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 74 6f | 72 7b 4a 2e 41 2e 20 54 |mmentato|r{J.A. T|
|00004540| 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 | 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d 0a 0d |albott, |M.D.}...|
|00004550| 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 69 67 | 68 74 20 28 63 29 20 59 |.Copyrig|ht (c) Y|
|00004560| 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b | 20 4d 65 64 69 63 61 6c |ear Book| Medical|
|00004570| 20 50 75 62 6c 69 73 68 | 65 72 73 2c 20 49 6e 63 | Publish|ers, Inc|
|00004580| 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 39 0d | 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 39 20 |., 1989.|...1989 |
|00004590| 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f | 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 |Year Boo|k of Psy|
|000045a0| 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 | 61 6e 64 20 41 70 70 6c |chiatry |and Appl|
|000045b0| 69 65 64 20 4d 65 6e 74 | 61 6c 20 48 65 61 6c 74 |ied Ment|al Healt|
|000045c0| 68 20 28 52 29 0d 0a 0d | 0a 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 |h (R)...|.Chapter|
|000045d0| 20 31 33 2d 2d 43 6f 6d | 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 20 50 | 13--Com|munity P|
|000045e0| 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 | 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 |sychiatr|y....Pos|
|000045f0| 74 74 72 61 75 6d 61 74 | 69 63 20 53 74 72 65 73 |ttraumat|ic Stres|
|00004600| 73 20 44 69 73 6f 72 64 | 65 72 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d |s Disord|er....--|
|00004610| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004620| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004630| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004640| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004650| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a |--------|------..|
|00004660| 53 75 72 76 69 76 6f 72 | 73 20 6f 66 20 49 6d 70 |Survivor|s of Imp|
|00004670| 72 69 73 6f 6e 6d 65 6e | 74 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |risonmen|t in the|
|00004680| 20 50 61 63 69 66 69 63 | 20 54 68 65 61 74 65 72 | Pacific| Theater|
|00004690| 20 44 75 72 69 6e 67 20 | 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 | During |World Wa|
|000046a0| 72 20 49 49 0d 0a 0d 0a | 47 6f 6c 64 73 74 65 69 |r II....|Goldstei|
|000046b0| 6e 20 47 2c 20 76 61 6e | 20 4b 61 6d 6d 65 6e 20 |n G, van| Kammen |
|000046c0| 57 2c 20 53 68 65 6c 6c | 79 20 43 2c 20 4d 69 6c |W, Shell|y C, Mil|
|000046d0| 6c 65 72 20 44 4a 2c 20 | 76 61 6e 20 4b 61 6d 6d |ler DJ, |van Kamm|
|000046e0| 65 6e 20 44 50 0d 0a 28 | 56 41 20 4d 65 64 20 43 |en DP..(|VA Med C|
|000046f0| 74 72 2c 20 50 69 74 74 | 73 62 75 72 67 68 3b 20 |tr, Pitt|sburgh; |
|00004700| 55 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 20 | 50 69 74 74 73 62 75 72 |Univ of |Pittsbur|
|00004710| 67 68 29 0d 0a 41 6d 20 | 4a 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 |gh)..Am |J Psychi|
|00004720| 61 74 72 79 20 31 34 34 | 3a 31 32 31 30 2d 31 32 |atry 144|:1210-12|
|00004730| 31 33 2c 20 53 65 70 74 | 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 39 |13, Sept|ember 19|
|00004740| 38 37 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |87..----|--------|
|00004750| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004760| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004770| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004780| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00004790| 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d 0a | 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 |----....|Abstract|
|000047a0| 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 4d 61 6e 79 20 73 74 |.... | Many st|
|000047b0| 75 64 69 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 66 6f 72 6d 65 72 20 |udies of| former |
|000047c0| 70 72 69 73 6f 6e 65 72 | 73 20 6f 66 20 77 61 72 |prisoner|s of war|
|000047d0| 20 28 50 4f 57 73 29 20 | 68 61 76 65 20 65 6d 70 | (POWs) |have emp|
|000047e0| 68 61 73 69 7a 65 64 20 | 74 68 65 0d 0a 6c 6f 6e |hasized |the..lon|
|000047f0| 67 2d 74 65 72 6d 20 65 | 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 6f |g-term e|ffects o|
|00004800| 66 20 70 68 79 73 69 63 | 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 6d |f physic|al and m|
|00004810| 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 77 61 | 72 74 69 6d 65 20 73 74 |ental wa|rtime st|
|00004820| 72 65 73 73 2c 20 77 68 | 69 63 68 20 61 72 65 20 |ress, wh|ich are |
|00004830| 6d 61 6e 69 66 65 73 74 | 65 64 20 61 73 0d 0a 64 |manifest|ed as..d|
|00004840| 65 70 72 65 73 73 69 6f | 6e 2c 20 61 6e 78 69 65 |epressio|n, anxie|
|00004850| 74 79 2c 20 73 6c 65 65 | 70 20 64 69 73 74 75 72 |ty, slee|p distur|
|00004860| 62 61 6e 63 65 2c 20 69 | 6d 70 61 69 72 65 64 20 |bance, i|mpaired |
|00004870| 6d 65 6d 6f 72 79 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 73 6f 63 69 |memory, |and soci|
|00004880| 61 6c 20 69 73 6f 6c 61 | 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 0a 54 |al isola|tion...T|
|00004890| 68 65 20 44 53 4d 2d 49 | 49 49 20 63 6c 61 73 73 |he DSM-I|II class|
|000048a0| 69 66 69 65 73 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 73 79 6e 64 72 |ifies th|is syndr|
|000048b0| 6f 6d 65 20 61 73 20 70 | 6f 73 74 74 72 61 75 6d |ome as p|osttraum|
|000048c0| 61 74 69 63 20 73 74 72 | 65 73 73 20 64 69 73 6f |atic str|ess diso|
|000048d0| 72 64 65 72 20 28 50 54 | 53 44 29 2e 0d 0a 56 61 |rder (PT|SD)...Va|
|000048e0| 72 69 6f 75 73 20 6f 62 | 6a 65 63 74 69 76 65 20 |rious ob|jective |
|000048f0| 69 6e 73 74 72 75 6d 65 | 6e 74 73 2c 20 69 6e 63 |instrume|nts, inc|
|00004900| 6c 75 64 69 6e 67 20 74 | 68 65 20 4d 69 6e 6e 65 |luding t|he Minne|
|00004910| 73 6f 74 61 20 4d 75 6c | 74 69 70 68 61 73 69 63 |sota Mul|tiphasic|
|00004920| 20 50 65 72 73 6f 6e 61 | 6c 69 74 79 0d 0a 49 6e | Persona|lity..In|
|00004930| 76 65 6e 74 6f 72 79 20 | 28 4d 4d 50 49 29 2c 20 |ventory |(MMPI), |
|00004940| 61 72 65 20 63 6f 6d 6d | 6f 6e 6c 79 20 75 73 65 |are comm|only use|
|00004950| 64 20 74 6f 20 64 69 61 | 67 6e 6f 73 65 20 50 54 |d to dia|gnose PT|
|00004960| 53 44 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 46 6f 72 74 79 2d |SD... | Forty-|
|00004970| 6f 6e 65 20 6d 65 6e 20 | 77 69 74 68 20 61 20 6d |one men |with a m|
|00004980| 65 61 6e 20 61 67 65 20 | 6f 66 20 36 34 2e 35 20 |ean age |of 64.5 |
|00004990| 79 65 61 72 73 20 77 68 | 6f 20 68 61 64 20 73 75 |years wh|o had su|
|000049a0| 72 76 69 76 65 64 20 69 | 6d 70 72 69 73 6f 6e 6d |rvived i|mprisonm|
|000049b0| 65 6e 74 0d 0a 62 79 20 | 74 68 65 20 4a 61 70 61 |ent..by |the Japa|
|000049c0| 6e 65 73 65 20 64 75 72 | 69 6e 67 20 57 6f 72 6c |nese dur|ing Worl|
|000049d0| 64 20 57 61 72 20 49 49 | 20 77 65 72 65 20 73 74 |d War II| were st|
|000049e0| 75 64 69 65 64 2e 20 20 | 41 6c 6c 20 6f 66 20 74 |udied. |All of t|
|000049f0| 68 65 20 6d 65 6e 20 68 | 61 64 20 62 65 65 6e 0d |he men h|ad been.|
|00004a00| 0a 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 65 | 64 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 |.involve|d in the|
|00004a10| 20 50 61 63 69 66 69 63 | 20 74 68 65 61 74 65 72 | Pacific| theater|
|00004a20| 2c 20 6d 61 69 6e 6c 79 | 20 69 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |, mainly| in the |
|00004a30| 62 61 74 74 6c 65 73 20 | 6f 66 20 42 61 74 61 61 |battles |of Bataa|
|00004a40| 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 43 6f | 72 72 65 67 69 64 6f 72 |n and Co|rregidor|
|00004a50| 2c 0d 0a 61 6e 64 20 61 | 6c 6c 20 68 61 64 20 62 |,..and a|ll had b|
|00004a60| 65 65 6e 20 63 61 70 74 | 75 72 65 64 20 61 6e 64 |een capt|ured and|
|00004a70| 20 68 65 6c 64 20 70 72 | 69 73 6f 6e 65 72 20 66 | held pr|isoner f|
|00004a80| 6f 72 20 6f 76 65 72 20 | 33 2e 35 20 79 65 61 72 |or over |3.5 year|
|00004a90| 73 2e 20 20 41 6c 6c 20 | 68 61 64 0d 0a 65 78 70 |s. All |had..exp|
|00004aa0| 65 72 69 65 6e 63 65 64 | 20 65 78 74 72 65 6d 65 |erienced| extreme|
|00004ab0| 6c 79 20 69 6e 68 75 6d | 61 6e 65 20 61 6e 64 20 |ly inhum|ane and |
|00004ac0| 62 72 75 74 61 6c 20 74 | 72 65 61 74 6d 65 6e 74 |brutal t|reatment|
|00004ad0| 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 33 39 | 20 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |, and 39| of the |
|00004ae0| 6d 65 6e 20 68 61 64 0d | 0a 70 61 72 74 69 63 69 |men had.|.partici|
|00004af0| 70 61 74 65 64 20 69 6e | 20 74 68 65 20 31 39 34 |pated in| the 194|
|00004b00| 32 20 42 61 74 61 61 6e | 20 44 65 61 74 68 20 4d |2 Bataan| Death M|
|00004b10| 61 72 63 68 2c 20 61 66 | 74 65 72 20 77 68 69 63 |arch, af|ter whic|
|00004b20| 68 20 74 68 65 79 20 68 | 61 64 20 62 65 65 6e 20 |h they h|ad been |
|00004b30| 70 75 74 20 74 6f 0d 0a | 77 6f 72 6b 20 69 6e 20 |put to..|work in |
|00004b40| 6d 69 6e 65 73 20 61 6e | 64 20 66 61 63 74 6f 72 |mines an|d factor|
|00004b50| 69 65 73 20 69 6e 20 4a | 61 70 61 6e 2e 20 20 41 |ies in J|apan. A|
|00004b60| 6c 6c 20 73 75 62 6a 65 | 63 74 73 20 77 65 72 65 |ll subje|cts were|
|00004b70| 20 67 69 76 65 6e 20 61 | 20 73 65 6d 69 73 74 72 | given a| semistr|
|00004b80| 75 63 74 75 72 65 64 0d | 0a 70 73 79 63 68 69 61 |uctured.|.psychia|
|00004b90| 74 72 69 63 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 76 69 65 77 20 61 |tric int|erview a|
|00004ba0| 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 4d | 4d 50 49 2e 0d 0a 20 20 |nd the M|MPI... |
|00004bb0| 20 20 20 50 6f 73 74 74 | 72 61 75 6d 61 74 69 63 | Postt|raumatic|
|00004bc0| 20 73 74 72 65 73 73 20 | 64 69 73 6f 72 64 65 72 | stress |disorder|
|00004bd0| 20 77 61 73 20 64 69 61 | 67 6e 6f 73 65 64 20 69 | was dia|gnosed i|
|00004be0| 6e 20 33 32 20 6f 66 20 | 74 68 65 20 34 31 20 6d |n 32 of |the 41 m|
|00004bf0| 65 6e 20 65 78 61 6d 69 | 6e 65 64 2e 0d 0a 53 79 |en exami|ned...Sy|
|00004c00| 6d 70 74 6f 6d 73 20 69 | 6e 63 6c 75 64 65 64 20 |mptoms i|ncluded |
|00004c10| 73 6c 65 65 70 20 64 69 | 73 74 75 72 62 61 6e 63 |sleep di|sturbanc|
|00004c20| 65 20 69 6e 20 33 31 20 | 28 39 36 2e 39 25 29 20 |e in 31 |(96.9%) |
|00004c30| 6d 65 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 | 66 65 65 6c 69 6e 67 73 |men and |feelings|
|00004c40| 20 6f 66 20 64 65 74 61 | 63 68 6d 65 6e 74 0d 0a | of deta|chment..|
|00004c50| 69 6e 20 32 30 20 28 36 | 32 2e 35 25 29 20 6d 65 |in 20 (6|2.5%) me|
|00004c60| 6e 2e 20 20 4e 69 6e 65 | 74 65 65 6e 20 6d 65 6e |n. Nine|teen men|
|00004c70| 20 28 35 39 2e 34 25 29 | 20 73 75 66 66 65 72 65 | (59.4%)| suffere|
|00004c80| 64 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 6d | 65 6d 6f 72 79 20 69 6d |d from m|emory im|
|00004c90| 70 61 69 72 6d 65 6e 74 | 20 6f 72 20 68 61 64 0d |pairment| or had.|
|00004ca0| 0a 74 72 6f 75 62 6c 65 | 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 6e 74 |.trouble| concent|
|00004cb0| 72 61 74 69 6e 67 2e 20 | 20 46 6f 75 72 74 65 65 |rating. | Fourtee|
|00004cc0| 6e 20 28 33 34 25 29 20 | 6d 65 6e 20 68 61 64 20 |n (34%) |men had |
|00004cd0| 68 69 73 74 6f 72 69 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 70 72 6f |historie|s of pro|
|00004ce0| 62 6c 65 6d 20 64 72 69 | 6e 6b 69 6e 67 2c 0d 0a |blem dri|nking,..|
|00004cf0| 62 75 74 20 6f 6e 6c 79 | 20 38 20 28 32 30 25 29 |but only| 8 (20%)|
|00004d00| 20 77 65 72 65 20 64 72 | 69 6e 6b 69 6e 67 20 61 | were dr|inking a|
|00004d10| 74 20 74 68 65 20 74 69 | 6d 65 20 6f 66 20 74 68 |t the ti|me of th|
|00004d20| 69 73 20 73 74 75 64 79 | 2e 20 20 4e 6f 6e 65 20 |is study|. None |
|00004d30| 68 61 64 20 64 69 61 67 | 6e 6f 73 65 73 20 6f 66 |had diag|noses of|
|00004d40| 0d 0a 61 6c 63 6f 68 6f | 6c 20 61 62 75 73 65 20 |..alcoho|l abuse |
|00004d50| 6f 72 20 61 6c 63 6f 68 | 6f 6c 20 64 65 70 65 6e |or alcoh|ol depen|
|00004d60| 64 65 6e 63 65 20 62 79 | 20 44 53 4d 2d 49 49 49 |dence by| DSM-III|
|00004d70| 20 70 61 72 61 6d 65 74 | 65 72 73 2e 20 20 54 68 | paramet|ers. Th|
|00004d80| 65 20 4d 4d 50 49 20 64 | 61 74 61 20 73 68 6f 77 |e MMPI d|ata show|
|00004d90| 65 64 0d 0a 74 68 61 74 | 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 6d 65 |ed..that| most me|
|00004da0| 6e 20 77 65 72 65 20 67 | 72 65 61 74 6c 79 20 63 |n were g|reatly c|
|00004db0| 6f 6e 63 65 72 6e 65 64 | 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 |oncerned| for the|
|00004dc0| 69 72 20 70 68 79 73 69 | 63 61 6c 20 68 65 61 6c |ir physi|cal heal|
|00004dd0| 74 68 2c 20 61 20 63 68 | 61 72 61 63 74 65 72 69 |th, a ch|aracteri|
|00004de0| 73 74 69 63 0d 0a 74 68 | 61 74 20 69 73 20 6e 6f |stic..th|at is no|
|00004df0| 74 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 | 6f 6e 65 6e 74 20 6f 66 |t a comp|onent of|
|00004e00| 20 50 54 53 44 2e 20 20 | 41 6c 74 68 6f 75 67 68 | PTSD. |Although|
|00004e10| 20 61 20 68 69 67 68 20 | 6e 75 6d 62 65 72 20 6f | a high |number o|
|00004e20| 66 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 | 65 78 2d 50 4f 57 73 20 |f these |ex-POWs |
|00004e30| 73 68 6f 77 65 64 0d 0a | 6d 61 6e 69 66 65 73 74 |showed..|manifest|
|00004e40| 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f | 66 20 50 54 53 44 2c 20 |ations o|f PTSD, |
|00004e50| 61 6c 6c 20 77 65 72 65 | 20 6c 69 76 69 6e 67 20 |all were| living |
|00004e60| 72 65 6c 61 74 69 76 65 | 6c 79 20 73 75 63 63 65 |relative|ly succe|
|00004e70| 73 73 66 75 6c 20 61 6e | 64 20 65 66 66 65 63 74 |ssful an|d effect|
|00004e80| 69 76 65 0d 0a 6c 69 76 | 65 73 2c 20 61 6c 62 65 |ive..liv|es, albe|
|00004e90| 69 74 20 77 69 74 68 20 | 63 65 72 74 61 69 6e 20 |it with |certain |
|00004ea0| 64 69 73 63 6f 6d 66 6f | 72 74 73 20 61 6e 64 20 |discomfo|rts and |
|00004eb0| 6c 69 6d 69 74 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 73 20 69 6d 70 6f |limitati|ons impo|
|00004ec0| 73 65 64 20 62 79 20 74 | 68 65 69 72 0d 0a 64 69 |sed by t|heir..di|
|00004ed0| 73 6f 72 64 65 72 2e 0d | 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 74 2d |sorder..|...Post-|
|00004ee0| 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 0d | 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 20 |Comment.|... |
|00004ef0| 54 68 69 73 20 73 74 75 | 64 79 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c |This stu|dy compl|
|00004f00| 65 6d 65 6e 74 73 20 74 | 68 65 20 61 62 6f 76 65 |ements t|he above|
|00004f10| 2d 6d 65 6e 74 69 6f 6e | 65 64 20 70 61 70 65 72 |-mention|ed paper|
|00004f20| 73 20 69 6e 20 63 6f 6e | 66 69 72 6d 69 6e 67 20 |s in con|firming |
|00004f30| 62 6f 74 68 20 74 68 65 | 0d 0a 64 65 76 61 73 74 |both the|..devast|
|00004f40| 61 74 69 6e 67 20 6c 6f | 6e 67 2d 74 65 72 6d 20 |ating lo|ng-term |
|00004f50| 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 | 6f 66 20 69 6d 70 72 69 |effects |of impri|
|00004f60| 73 6f 6e 6d 65 6e 74 20 | 28 73 65 65 20 41 62 73 |sonment |(see Abs|
|00004f70| 74 72 61 63 74 20 31 33 | 2d 36 30 29 20 61 6e 64 |tract 13|-60) and|
|00004f80| 20 74 68 61 74 2c 20 69 | 6e 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 61 | that, i|n..the a|
|00004f90| 67 67 72 65 67 61 74 65 | 2c 20 74 68 65 73 65 20 |ggregate|, these |
|00004fa0| 57 6f 72 6c 64 20 57 61 | 72 20 49 49 20 76 65 74 |World Wa|r II vet|
|00004fb0| 65 72 61 6e 73 20 6c 65 | 64 20 73 75 63 63 65 73 |erans le|d succes|
|00004fc0| 73 66 75 6c 20 6c 69 76 | 65 73 20 28 73 65 65 20 |sful liv|es (see |
|00004fd0| 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 74 | 0d 0a 31 33 2d 35 34 29 |Abstract|..13-54)|
|00004fe0| 2e 2d 2d 4a 2e 41 2e 20 | 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c |.--J.A. |Talbott,|
|00004ff0| 20 4d 2e 44 2e 0d 0a 24 | 55 6e 69 71 75 65 5f 49 | M.D...$|Unique_I|
|00005000| 44 7b 59 52 42 30 38 32 | 30 36 7d 0d 0a 24 54 69 |D{YRB082|06}..$Ti|
|00005010| 74 6c 65 7b 4e 65 75 72 | 61 6c 20 53 75 62 73 74 |tle{Neur|al Subst|
|00005020| 72 61 74 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 56 69 6f 6c 65 6e 74 |rates of| Violent|
|00005030| 20 42 65 68 61 76 69 6f | 72 3a 20 20 49 6d 70 6c | Behavio|r: Impl|
|00005040| 69 63 61 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 4c 61 77 |ications| for Law|
|00005050| 20 61 6e 64 20 50 75 62 | 6c 69 63 20 50 6f 6c 69 | and Pub|lic Poli|
|00005060| 63 79 7d 0d 0a 24 41 75 | 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d 0a 54 |cy}..$Au|thor{..T|
|00005070| 61 6e 63 72 65 64 69 2c | 20 4c 52 0d 0a 56 6f 6c |ancredi,| LR..Vol|
|00005080| 6b 6f 77 2c 20 4e 7d 0d | 0a 24 41 66 66 69 6c 69 |kow, N}.|.$Affili|
|00005090| 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b 55 6e | 69 76 20 6f 66 20 54 65 |ation{Un|iv of Te|
|000050a0| 78 61 73 2c 20 48 6f 75 | 73 74 6f 6e 7d 0d 0a 24 |xas, Hou|ston}..$|
|000050b0| 53 75 62 6a 65 63 74 7b | 56 69 6f 6c 65 6e 74 20 |Subject{|Violent |
|000050c0| 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 | 2c 20 6e 65 75 72 61 6c |behavior|, neural|
|000050d0| 20 73 75 62 73 74 72 61 | 74 65 73 20 6f 66 3b 0d | substra|tes of;.|
|000050e0| 0a 50 75 62 6c 69 63 20 | 70 6f 6c 69 63 79 2c 20 |.Public |policy, |
|000050f0| 61 6e 64 20 6e 65 75 72 | 61 6c 20 73 75 62 73 74 |and neur|al subst|
|00005100| 72 61 74 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 76 69 6f 6c 65 6e 74 |rates of| violent|
|00005110| 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f | 72 3b 0d 0a 4e 65 75 72 | behavio|r;..Neur|
|00005120| 61 6c 20 73 75 62 73 74 | 72 61 74 65 73 20 6f 66 |al subst|rates of|
|00005130| 20 76 69 6f 6c 65 6e 74 | 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f | violent| behavio|
|00005140| 72 3b 0d 0a 4c 61 77 20 | 6e 65 75 72 61 6c 20 73 |r;..Law |neural s|
|00005150| 75 62 73 74 72 61 74 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 76 69 6f |ubstrate|s of vio|
|00005160| 6c 65 6e 74 20 62 65 68 | 61 76 69 6f 72 20 61 6e |lent beh|avior an|
|00005170| 64 3b 0d 0a 42 65 68 61 | 76 69 6f 72 20 76 69 6f |d;..Beha|vior vio|
|00005180| 6c 65 6e 74 2c 20 6e 65 | 75 72 61 6c 20 73 75 62 |lent, ne|ural sub|
|00005190| 73 74 72 61 74 65 73 20 | 6f 66 7d 0d 0a 24 4a 6f |strates |of}..$Jo|
|000051a0| 75 72 6e 61 6c 7b 49 6e | 74 20 4a 20 4c 61 77 20 |urnal{In|t J Law |
|000051b0| 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 | 72 79 7d 0d 0a 24 56 6f |Psychiat|ry}..$Vo|
|000051c0| 6c 75 6d 65 7b 31 31 7d | 0d 0a 24 50 61 67 65 7b |lume{11}|..$Page{|
|000051d0| 31 33 2d 34 39 7d 0d 0a | 24 44 61 74 65 7b 31 39 |13-49}..|$Date{19|
|000051e0| 38 38 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 | 56 6f 6c 7b 31 39 38 39 |88}..$YB|Vol{1989|
|000051f0| 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f | 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 73 | Year Bo|ok of Ps|
|00005200| 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 | 20 61 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 |ychiatry| and and|
|00005210| 20 41 70 70 6c 69 65 64 | 20 4d 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 | Applied| Mental |
|00005220| 48 65 61 6c 74 68 7d 0d | 0a 24 43 68 61 70 74 65 |Health}.|.$Chapte|
|00005230| 72 7b 31 33 2d 36 32 7d | 0d 0a 24 59 42 45 64 69 |r{13-62}|..$YBEdi|
|00005240| 74 6f 72 7b 44 72 73 2e | 20 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 |tor{Drs.| Talbott|
|00005250| 2c 20 46 72 61 6e 63 65 | 73 2c 20 46 72 65 65 64 |, France|s, Freed|
|00005260| 6d 61 6e 2c 20 4d 65 6c | 74 7a 65 72 2c 20 53 63 |man, Mel|tzer, Sc|
|00005270| 68 6f 77 61 6c 74 65 72 | 2c 20 61 6e 64 20 57 65 |howalter|, and We|
|00005280| 69 6e 65 72 7d 0d 0a 24 | 54 61 62 6c 65 7b 7d 0d |iner}..$|Table{}.|
|00005290| 0a 24 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e | 74 61 74 6f 72 7b 4a 2e |.$Commen|tator{J.|
|000052a0| 41 2e 20 54 61 6c 62 6f | 74 74 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e |A. Talbo|tt, M.D.|
|000052b0| 7d 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 | 79 72 69 67 68 74 20 28 |}....Cop|yright (|
|000052c0| 63 29 20 59 65 61 72 20 | 42 6f 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 |c) Year |Book Med|
|000052d0| 69 63 61 6c 20 50 75 62 | 6c 69 73 68 65 72 73 2c |ical Pub|lishers,|
|000052e0| 20 49 6e 63 2e 2c 20 31 | 39 38 39 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 | Inc., 1|989....1|
|000052f0| 39 38 39 20 59 65 61 72 | 20 42 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 |989 Year| Book of|
|00005300| 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 | 74 72 79 20 61 6e 64 20 | Psychia|try and |
|00005310| 41 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 | 4d 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 |Applied |Mental H|
|00005320| 65 61 6c 74 68 20 28 52 | 29 0d 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 |ealth (R|)....Cha|
|00005330| 70 74 65 72 20 31 33 2d | 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 |pter 13-|-Communi|
|00005340| 74 79 20 50 73 79 63 68 | 69 61 74 72 79 0d 0a 0d |ty Psych|iatry...|
|00005350| 0a 56 69 6f 6c 65 6e 63 | 65 0d 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d |.Violenc|e....---|
|00005360| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005370| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005380| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005390| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000053a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 4e |--------|-----..N|
|000053b0| 65 75 72 61 6c 20 53 75 | 62 73 74 72 61 74 65 73 |eural Su|bstrates|
|000053c0| 20 6f 66 20 56 69 6f 6c | 65 6e 74 20 42 65 68 61 | of Viol|ent Beha|
|000053d0| 76 69 6f 72 3a 20 20 49 | 6d 70 6c 69 63 61 74 69 |vior: I|mplicati|
|000053e0| 6f 6e 73 20 66 6f 72 20 | 4c 61 77 20 61 6e 64 20 |ons for |Law and |
|000053f0| 50 75 62 6c 69 63 20 50 | 6f 6c 69 63 79 0d 0a 0d |Public P|olicy...|
|00005400| 0a 54 61 6e 63 72 65 64 | 69 20 4c 52 2c 20 56 6f |.Tancred|i LR, Vo|
|00005410| 6c 6b 6f 77 20 4e 0d 0a | 28 55 6e 69 76 20 6f 66 |lkow N..|(Univ of|
|00005420| 20 54 65 78 61 73 2c 20 | 48 6f 75 73 74 6f 6e 29 | Texas, |Houston)|
|00005430| 0d 0a 49 6e 74 20 4a 20 | 4c 61 77 20 50 73 79 63 |..Int J |Law Psyc|
|00005440| 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 31 | 31 3a 31 33 2d 34 39 2c |hiatry 1|1:13-49,|
|00005450| 20 31 39 38 38 0d 0a 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 1988..-|--------|
|00005460| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005470| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005480| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00005490| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000054a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d | 0a 0d 0a 41 62 73 74 72 |-------.|...Abstr|
|000054b0| 61 63 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 | 20 20 20 20 41 6e 69 6d |act.... | Anim|
|000054c0| 61 6c 20 73 74 75 64 69 | 65 73 20 6d 6f 73 74 20 |al studi|es most |
|000054d0| 6f 66 74 65 6e 20 68 61 | 76 65 20 69 6d 70 6c 69 |often ha|ve impli|
|000054e0| 63 61 74 65 64 20 74 68 | 65 20 6c 69 6d 62 69 63 |cated th|e limbic|
|000054f0| 20 73 79 73 74 65 6d 20 | 69 6e 20 74 68 65 0d 0a | system |in the..|
|00005500| 70 61 74 68 6f 70 68 79 | 73 69 6f 6c 6f 67 79 20 |pathophy|siology |
|00005510| 6f 66 20 61 67 67 72 65 | 73 73 69 6f 6e 2e 20 20 |of aggre|ssion. |
|00005520| 54 68 65 20 66 72 6f 6e | 74 61 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 |The fron|tal and |
|00005530| 74 65 6d 70 6f 72 61 6c | 20 63 6f 72 74 69 63 65 |temporal| cortice|
|00005540| 73 20 61 6c 73 6f 20 6d | 61 79 20 68 61 76 65 0d |s also m|ay have.|
|00005550| 0a 61 20 72 6f 6c 65 2e | 20 20 53 74 75 64 69 65 |.a role.| Studie|
|00005560| 73 20 6f 66 20 6e 65 75 | 72 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 |s of neu|rologic |
|00005570| 61 6e 64 20 70 73 79 63 | 68 69 61 74 72 69 63 20 |and psyc|hiatric |
|00005580| 70 61 74 69 65 6e 74 73 | 20 73 75 67 67 65 73 74 |patients| suggest|
|00005590| 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 | 65 20 73 61 6d 65 0d 0a | that th|e same..|
|000055a0| 61 72 65 61 73 20 61 72 | 65 20 69 6e 76 6f 6c 76 |areas ar|e involv|
|000055b0| 65 64 20 69 6e 20 76 69 | 6f 6c 65 6e 74 20 62 65 |ed in vi|olent be|
|000055c0| 68 61 76 69 6f 72 20 62 | 79 20 68 75 6d 61 6e 20 |havior b|y human |
|000055d0| 62 65 69 6e 67 73 2e 0d | 0a 20 20 20 20 20 41 6c |beings..|. Al|
|000055e0| 74 68 6f 75 67 68 20 74 | 68 65 20 6e 65 77 20 69 |though t|he new i|
|000055f0| 6d 61 67 69 6e 67 20 6d | 6f 64 61 6c 69 74 69 65 |maging m|odalitie|
|00005600| 73 20 75 6e 64 6f 75 62 | 74 65 64 6c 79 20 77 69 |s undoub|tedly wi|
|00005610| 6c 6c 20 69 6d 70 72 6f | 76 65 20 75 6e 64 65 72 |ll impro|ve under|
|00005620| 73 74 61 6e 64 69 6e 67 | 0d 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 65 |standing|..of the|
|00005630| 20 62 69 6f 6c 6f 67 69 | 63 20 62 61 73 69 73 20 | biologi|c basis |
|00005640| 6f 66 20 76 69 6f 6c 65 | 6e 74 20 62 65 68 61 76 |of viole|nt behav|
|00005650| 69 6f 72 2c 20 76 69 6f | 6c 65 6e 63 65 20 69 73 |ior, vio|lence is|
|00005660| 20 61 20 63 6f 6d 70 6c | 65 78 20 63 6f 6e 63 65 | a compl|ex conce|
|00005670| 70 74 20 74 68 61 74 0d | 0a 72 65 66 6c 65 63 74 |pt that.|.reflect|
|00005680| 73 20 69 6e 74 65 72 61 | 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 61 |s intera|ctions a|
|00005690| 6d 6f 6e 67 20 62 69 6f | 6c 6f 67 79 2c 20 63 75 |mong bio|logy, cu|
|000056a0| 6c 74 75 72 65 2c 20 61 | 6e 64 20 74 68 65 20 70 |lture, a|nd the p|
|000056b0| 73 79 63 68 6f 73 6f 63 | 69 61 6c 20 64 65 76 65 |sychosoc|ial deve|
|000056c0| 6c 6f 70 6d 65 6e 74 0d | 0a 6f 66 20 74 68 65 20 |lopment.|.of the |
|000056d0| 69 6e 64 69 76 69 64 75 | 61 6c 2e 20 20 54 68 61 |individu|al. Tha|
|000056e0| 74 20 61 20 62 65 68 61 | 76 69 6f 72 20 69 73 20 |t a beha|vior is |
|000056f0| 76 6f 6c 75 6e 74 61 72 | 79 20 64 6f 65 73 20 6e |voluntar|y does n|
|00005700| 6f 74 20 6d 65 61 6e 20 | 74 68 61 74 20 74 68 65 |ot mean |that the|
|00005710| 20 70 65 72 73 6f 6e 0d | 0a 69 73 20 65 78 65 72 | person.|.is exer|
|00005720| 74 69 6e 67 20 22 66 72 | 65 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 22 |ting "fr|ee will"|
|00005730| 3b 20 65 76 65 6e 20 6d | 65 72 65 20 64 65 73 69 |; even m|ere desi|
|00005740| 72 69 6e 67 20 6d 61 79 | 20 62 65 20 69 6e 66 6c |ring may| be infl|
|00005750| 75 65 6e 63 65 64 20 62 | 79 20 6f 76 65 72 74 0d |uenced b|y overt.|
|00005760| 0a 63 6f 6e 64 69 74 69 | 6f 6e 69 6e 67 2e 20 20 |.conditi|oning. |
|00005770| 50 6f 73 69 74 72 6f 6e | 20 65 6d 69 73 73 69 6f |Positron| emissio|
|00005780| 6e 20 74 6f 6d 6f 67 72 | 61 70 68 79 20 6d 61 79 |n tomogr|aphy may|
|00005790| 20 62 65 20 75 73 65 64 | 20 74 6f 20 69 64 65 6e | be used| to iden|
|000057a0| 74 69 66 79 20 74 68 6f | 73 65 20 77 69 74 68 0d |tify tho|se with.|
|000057b0| 0a 64 65 66 65 63 74 73 | 20 69 6e 20 62 69 6f 70 |.defects| in biop|
|000057c0| 68 79 73 69 6f 6c 6f 67 | 69 63 20 66 75 6e 63 74 |hysiolog|ic funct|
|000057d0| 69 6f 6e 73 20 74 68 61 | 74 20 61 72 65 20 61 73 |ions tha|t are as|
|000057e0| 73 6f 63 69 61 74 65 64 | 20 77 69 74 68 20 70 75 |sociated| with pu|
|000057f0| 72 70 6f 73 69 76 65 6e | 65 73 73 2c 20 62 75 74 |rposiven|ess, but|
|00005800| 0d 0a 69 74 20 63 61 6e | 6e 6f 74 20 62 65 20 75 |..it can|not be u|
|00005810| 73 65 64 20 74 6f 20 64 | 65 74 65 72 6d 69 6e 65 |sed to d|etermine|
|00005820| 20 77 68 6f 20 68 61 73 | 20 66 72 65 65 20 77 69 | who has| free wi|
|00005830| 6c 6c 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 45 76 65 6e 20 69 |ll... | Even i|
|00005840| 66 20 73 6f 6d 65 20 76 | 69 6f 6c 65 6e 74 20 6f |f some v|iolent o|
|00005850| 66 66 65 6e 64 65 72 73 | 20 68 61 76 65 20 63 65 |ffenders| have ce|
|00005860| 72 65 62 72 61 6c 20 64 | 79 73 66 75 6e 63 74 69 |rebral d|ysfuncti|
|00005870| 6f 6e 2c 20 74 68 65 20 | 65 66 66 65 63 74 73 20 |on, the |effects |
|00005880| 6f 66 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 | 65 6e 76 69 72 6f 6e 6d |of..the |environm|
|00005890| 65 6e 74 20 6f 72 20 6f | 66 20 70 72 65 76 69 6f |ent or o|f previo|
|000058a0| 75 73 20 6c 65 61 72 6e | 69 6e 67 20 63 6f 6e 64 |us learn|ing cond|
|000058b0| 69 74 69 6f 6e 69 6e 67 | 20 6f 6e 20 75 6c 74 69 |itioning| on ulti|
|000058c0| 6d 61 74 65 20 6f 63 63 | 75 72 72 65 6e 63 65 20 |mate occ|urrence |
|000058d0| 6f 66 20 61 0d 0a 76 69 | 6f 6c 65 6e 74 20 61 63 |of a..vi|olent ac|
|000058e0| 74 20 63 61 6e 6e 6f 74 | 20 62 65 20 72 75 6c 65 |t cannot| be rule|
|000058f0| 64 20 6f 75 74 2e 20 20 | 54 68 65 20 46 72 65 75 |d out. |The Freu|
|00005900| 64 69 61 6e 20 76 69 65 | 77 20 74 68 61 74 20 68 |dian vie|w that h|
|00005910| 69 73 74 6f 72 79 20 70 | 72 65 64 69 63 74 73 20 |istory p|redicts |
|00005920| 66 75 74 75 72 65 0d 0a | 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f 72 |future..|behavior|
|00005930| 20 61 6e 64 20 74 72 61 | 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 6c | and tra|ditional|
|00005940| 20 6e 6f 74 69 6f 6e 73 | 20 6f 66 20 65 61 72 6c | notions| of earl|
|00005950| 79 20 70 65 72 73 6f 6e | 61 6c 69 74 79 20 66 6f |y person|ality fo|
|00005960| 72 6d 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 6c 65 61 64 20 74 6f 20 |rmation |lead to |
|00005970| 61 0d 0a 64 65 74 65 72 | 6d 69 6e 69 73 74 69 63 |a..deter|ministic|
|00005980| 20 76 69 65 77 20 6f 66 | 20 62 65 68 61 76 69 6f | view of| behavio|
|00005990| 72 2e 0d 0a 20 20 20 20 | 20 4f 6e 20 74 68 65 20 |r... | On the |
|000059a0| 6f 74 68 65 72 20 68 61 | 6e 64 2c 20 74 68 65 20 |other ha|nd, the |
|000059b0| 6c 61 77 20 63 6f 6e 73 | 69 64 65 72 73 20 66 72 |law cons|iders fr|
|000059c0| 65 65 20 77 69 6c 6c 20 | 74 68 65 20 62 61 73 69 |ee will |the basi|
|000059d0| 63 20 73 74 61 74 65 20 | 61 6e 64 20 74 68 65 6e |c state |and then|
|000059e0| 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 73 69 64 | 65 72 73 20 72 65 73 74 |..consid|ers rest|
|000059f0| 72 61 69 6e 74 73 20 6f | 72 20 6c 69 6d 69 74 61 |raints o|r limita|
|00005a00| 74 69 6f 6e 73 20 6f 6e | 20 74 68 61 74 20 73 74 |tions on| that st|
|00005a10| 61 74 65 2e 20 20 49 6e | 64 69 76 69 64 75 61 6c |ate. In|dividual|
|00005a20| 73 20 61 72 65 20 65 73 | 73 65 6e 74 69 61 6c 6c |s are es|sentiall|
|00005a30| 79 0d 0a 68 65 6c 64 20 | 72 65 73 70 6f 6e 73 69 |y..held |responsi|
|00005a40| 62 6c 65 20 66 6f 72 20 | 74 68 65 69 72 20 61 63 |ble for |their ac|
|00005a50| 74 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 | 57 68 65 6e 20 64 65 74 |tions. |When det|
|00005a60| 65 72 6d 69 6e 69 73 74 | 69 63 20 66 61 63 74 6f |erminist|ic facto|
|00005a70| 72 73 20 61 72 65 20 69 | 6e 76 6f 6b 65 64 2c 20 |rs are i|nvoked, |
|00005a80| 74 68 65 0d 0a 6c 65 67 | 61 6c 20 70 65 72 73 70 |the..leg|al persp|
|00005a90| 65 63 74 69 76 65 20 69 | 73 20 74 6f 20 61 73 6b |ective i|s to ask|
|00005aa0| 20 77 68 65 74 68 65 72 | 20 61 6e 79 74 68 69 6e | whether| anythin|
|00005ab0| 67 20 6f 70 65 72 61 74 | 65 64 20 6f 75 74 73 69 |g operat|ed outsi|
|00005ac0| 64 65 20 74 68 65 20 63 | 6f 6e 74 72 6f 6c 20 6f |de the c|ontrol o|
|00005ad0| 66 20 74 68 65 0d 0a 70 | 65 72 70 65 74 72 61 74 |f the..p|erpetrat|
|00005ae0| 6f 72 20 74 6f 20 63 72 | 65 61 74 65 20 62 69 6f |or to cr|eate bio|
|00005af0| 6c 6f 67 69 63 20 63 68 | 61 6e 67 65 73 20 69 6e |logic ch|anges in|
|00005b00| 20 74 68 65 20 62 72 61 | 69 6e 20 74 68 61 74 20 | the bra|in that |
|00005b10| 61 72 65 20 63 61 75 73 | 61 6c 6c 79 20 72 65 6c |are caus|ally rel|
|00005b20| 61 74 65 64 20 74 6f 0d | 0a 74 68 65 20 63 72 69 |ated to.|.the cri|
|00005b30| 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 61 63 | 74 20 69 6e 20 71 75 65 |minal ac|t in que|
|00005b40| 73 74 69 6f 6e 2e 0d 0a | 20 20 20 20 20 48 69 73 |stion...| His|
|00005b50| 74 6f 72 69 63 61 6c 20 | 73 74 61 74 65 6d 65 6e |torical |statemen|
|00005b60| 74 73 20 61 62 6f 75 74 | 20 61 6e 20 69 6e 64 69 |ts about| an indi|
|00005b70| 76 69 64 75 61 6c 20 61 | 72 65 20 6e 6f 74 20 72 |vidual a|re not r|
|00005b80| 65 61 64 69 6c 79 20 75 | 73 65 64 20 61 73 20 61 |eadily u|sed as a|
|00005b90| 20 76 61 6c 69 64 0d 0a | 62 61 73 69 73 20 66 6f | valid..|basis fo|
|00005ba0| 72 20 6d 61 6b 69 6e 67 | 20 69 6d 70 6f 72 74 61 |r making| importa|
|00005bb0| 6e 74 20 73 6f 63 69 65 | 74 61 6c 20 64 65 63 69 |nt socie|tal deci|
|00005bc0| 73 69 6f 6e 73 2e 20 20 | 41 20 62 69 6f 6c 6f 67 |sions. |A biolog|
|00005bd0| 69 63 20 62 61 73 69 73 | 20 66 6f 72 20 70 73 79 |ic basis| for psy|
|00005be0| 63 68 69 61 74 72 69 63 | 0d 0a 70 6f 73 69 74 69 |chiatric|..positi|
|00005bf0| 6f 6e 73 2c 20 61 6c 74 | 68 6f 75 67 68 20 73 74 |ons, alt|hough st|
|00005c00| 69 6c 6c 20 73 75 62 6a | 65 63 74 20 74 6f 20 69 |ill subj|ect to i|
|00005c10| 6e 74 65 72 70 72 65 74 | 61 74 69 6f 6e 2c 20 77 |nterpret|ation, w|
|00005c20| 6f 75 6c 64 20 73 75 62 | 73 74 61 6e 74 69 61 6c |ould sub|stantial|
|00005c30| 6c 79 20 6e 61 72 72 6f | 77 0d 0a 74 68 65 20 65 |ly narro|w..the e|
|00005c40| 66 66 65 63 74 20 6f 66 | 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 |ffect of| the int|
|00005c50| 65 6c 6c 65 63 74 75 61 | 6c 20 61 6e 64 20 70 65 |ellectua|l and pe|
|00005c60| 72 73 6f 6e 61 6c 20 62 | 69 61 73 65 73 20 6f 66 |rsonal b|iases of|
|00005c70| 20 74 68 65 20 69 6e 74 | 65 72 70 72 65 74 65 72 | the int|erpreter|
|00005c80| 2e 0d 0a 0d 0a 50 6f 73 | 74 2d 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e |.....Pos|t-Commen|
|00005c90| 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 | 20 20 45 76 65 6e 20 74 |t.... | Even t|
|00005ca0| 68 6f 75 67 68 20 74 68 | 69 73 20 61 72 74 69 63 |hough th|is artic|
|00005cb0| 6c 65 20 77 61 73 20 6f | 72 69 67 69 6e 61 6c 6c |le was o|riginall|
|00005cc0| 79 20 64 69 72 65 63 74 | 65 64 20 74 6f 20 6d 65 |y direct|ed to me|
|00005cd0| 20 66 6f 72 20 74 68 65 | 20 73 65 63 74 69 6f 6e | for the| section|
|00005ce0| 20 6f 6e 0d 0a 6c 61 77 | 20 61 6e 64 20 70 73 79 | on..law| and psy|
|00005cf0| 63 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 | 28 63 68 61 70 74 65 72 |chiatry |(chapter|
|00005d00| 20 31 32 29 2c 20 49 20 | 66 65 6c 74 20 69 74 20 | 12), I |felt it |
|00005d10| 77 61 73 20 61 20 67 6f | 6f 64 20 69 6e 74 72 6f |was a go|od intro|
|00005d20| 64 75 63 74 69 6f 6e 20 | 74 6f 20 74 68 65 20 61 |duction |to the a|
|00005d30| 72 65 61 0d 0a 6f 66 20 | 76 69 6f 6c 65 6e 63 65 |rea..of |violence|
|00005d40| 2e 20 20 52 65 63 65 6e | 74 6c 79 20 74 68 65 72 |. Recen|tly ther|
|00005d50| 65 20 68 61 73 20 62 65 | 65 6e 20 69 6e 63 72 65 |e has be|en incre|
|00005d60| 61 73 69 6e 67 20 72 65 | 73 65 61 72 63 68 20 6f |asing re|search o|
|00005d70| 6e 20 74 68 65 20 63 6f | 72 72 65 6c 61 74 69 6f |n the co|rrelatio|
|00005d80| 6e 0d 0a 62 65 74 77 65 | 65 6e 20 76 69 6f 6c 65 |n..betwe|en viole|
|00005d90| 6e 63 65 20 61 6e 64 20 | 62 69 6f 6c 6f 67 69 63 |nce and |biologic|
|00005da0| 2c 20 61 73 20 77 65 6c | 6c 20 61 73 20 6f 72 67 |, as wel|l as org|
|00005db0| 61 6e 69 63 2c 20 66 61 | 63 74 6f 72 73 2c 20 65 |anic, fa|ctors, e|
|00005dc0| 73 70 65 63 69 61 6c 6c | 79 20 66 72 6f 6d 20 68 |speciall|y from h|
|00005dd0| 65 61 64 0d 0a 74 72 61 | 75 6d 61 2e 20 20 49 6e |ead..tra|uma. In|
|00005de0| 20 74 68 69 73 20 61 72 | 74 69 63 6c 65 2c 20 74 | this ar|ticle, t|
|00005df0| 68 65 20 6f 72 69 67 69 | 6e 61 6c 20 6f 66 20 77 |he origi|nal of w|
|00005e00| 68 69 63 68 20 73 68 6f | 75 6c 64 20 62 65 20 72 |hich sho|uld be r|
|00005e10| 65 61 64 20 69 6e 20 69 | 74 73 20 65 6e 74 69 72 |ead in i|ts entir|
|00005e20| 65 74 79 0d 0a 62 79 20 | 74 68 6f 73 65 20 69 6e |ety..by |those in|
|00005e30| 74 65 72 65 73 74 65 64 | 2c 20 54 61 6e 63 72 65 |terested|, Tancre|
|00005e40| 64 69 20 64 69 73 63 75 | 73 73 65 73 20 74 68 65 |di discu|sses the|
|00005e50| 20 69 6e 74 65 72 70 6c | 61 79 20 62 65 74 77 65 | interpl|ay betwe|
|00005e60| 65 6e 20 6f 75 72 20 6e | 65 77 20 61 6e 64 20 73 |en our n|ew and s|
|00005e70| 74 69 6c 6c 0d 0a 65 6d | 65 72 67 69 6e 67 20 6e |till..em|erging n|
|00005e80| 65 75 72 6f 73 63 69 65 | 6e 74 69 66 69 63 20 69 |euroscie|ntific i|
|00005e90| 6e 66 6f 72 6d 61 74 69 | 6f 6e 20 61 6e 64 20 74 |nformati|on and t|
|00005ea0| 68 65 20 6c 61 77 2e 20 | 20 57 68 69 6c 65 20 69 |he law. | While i|
|00005eb0| 74 27 73 20 63 6c 65 61 | 72 20 74 68 61 74 20 74 |t's clea|r that t|
|00005ec0| 68 65 0d 0a 77 68 6f 6c | 65 20 69 73 73 75 65 20 |he..whol|e issue |
|00005ed0| 6f 66 20 77 69 6c 6c 2f | 76 6f 6c 69 74 69 6f 6e |of will/|volition|
|00005ee0| 20 61 6e 64 20 63 72 69 | 6d 69 6e 61 6c 20 72 65 | and cri|minal re|
|00005ef0| 73 70 6f 6e 73 69 62 69 | 6c 69 74 79 20 68 61 73 |sponsibi|lity has|
|00005f00| 20 6d 61 6e 79 20 66 61 | 63 65 74 73 20 61 6e 64 | many fa|cets and|
|00005f10| 0d 0a 63 6f 6e 74 72 61 | 64 69 63 74 69 6f 6e 73 |..contra|dictions|
|00005f20| 2c 20 49 27 6d 20 6e 6f | 74 20 73 75 72 65 20 77 |, I'm no|t sure w|
|00005f30| 68 65 74 68 65 72 20 61 | 64 64 69 74 69 6f 6e 61 |hether a|dditiona|
|00005f40| 6c 20 69 6e 66 6f 72 6d | 61 74 69 6f 6e 20 77 69 |l inform|ation wi|
|00005f50| 6c 6c 20 68 65 6c 70 20 | 63 6c 61 72 69 66 79 0d |ll help |clarify.|
|00005f60| 0a 77 68 61 74 20 61 72 | 65 20 73 6f 6d 65 74 69 |.what ar|e someti|
|00005f70| 6d 65 73 20 76 61 6c 75 | 65 73 2c 20 70 72 65 6a |mes valu|es, prej|
|00005f80| 75 64 69 63 65 73 2c 20 | 61 6e 64 20 6f 70 69 6e |udices, |and opin|
|00005f90| 69 6f 6e 73 2e 2d 2d 4a | 2e 41 2e 20 54 61 6c 62 |ions.--J|.A. Talb|
|00005fa0| 6f 74 74 2c 20 4d 2e 44 | 2e 0d 0a 24 55 6e 69 71 |ott, M.D|...$Uniq|
|00005fb0| 75 65 5f 49 44 7b 59 52 | 42 30 38 32 30 37 7d 0d |ue_ID{YR|B08207}.|
|00005fc0| 0a 24 54 69 74 6c 65 7b | 56 69 6f 6c 65 6e 63 65 |.$Title{|Violence|
|00005fd0| 20 69 6e 20 53 6c 65 65 | 70 3a 20 20 4d 65 64 69 | in Slee|p: Medi|
|00005fe0| 63 6f 2d 4c 65 67 61 6c | 20 49 73 73 75 65 73 20 |co-Legal| Issues |
|00005ff0| 61 6e 64 20 54 77 6f 20 | 43 61 73 65 20 52 65 70 |and Two |Case Rep|
|00006000| 6f 72 74 73 7d 0d 0a 24 | 41 75 74 68 6f 72 7b 0d |orts}..$|Author{.|
|00006010| 0a 48 6f 77 61 72 64 2c | 20 43 0d 0a 44 27 4f 72 |.Howard,| C..D'Or|
|00006020| 62 61 6e 2c 20 50 54 7d | 0d 0a 24 41 66 66 69 6c |ban, PT}|..$Affil|
|00006030| 69 61 74 69 6f 6e 7b 52 | 6f 79 61 6c 20 46 72 65 |iation{R|oyal Fre|
|00006040| 65 20 48 6f 73 70 2c 20 | 4c 6f 6e 64 6f 6e 7d 0d |e Hosp, |London}.|
|00006050| 0a 24 53 75 62 6a 65 63 | 74 7b 56 69 6f 6c 65 6e |.$Subjec|t{Violen|
|00006060| 63 65 20 69 6e 20 73 6c | 65 65 70 3b 0d 0a 53 6c |ce in sl|eep;..Sl|
|00006070| 65 65 70 20 76 69 6f 6c | 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e 3b |eep viol|ence in;|
|00006080| 0d 0a 4d 65 64 69 63 6f | 2d 6c 65 67 61 6c 20 69 |..Medico|-legal i|
|00006090| 73 73 75 65 73 20 6f 66 | 20 76 69 6f 6c 65 6e 63 |ssues of| violenc|
|000060a0| 65 20 69 6e 20 73 6c 65 | 65 70 3b 0d 0a 4c 65 67 |e in sle|ep;..Leg|
|000060b0| 61 6c 20 69 73 73 75 65 | 73 20 6f 66 20 76 69 6f |al issue|s of vio|
|000060c0| 6c 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e | 20 73 6c 65 65 70 7d 0d |lence in| sleep}.|
|000060d0| 0a 24 4a 6f 75 72 6e 61 | 6c 7b 50 73 79 63 68 6f |.$Journa|l{Psycho|
|000060e0| 6c 20 4d 65 64 7d 0d 0a | 24 56 6f 6c 75 6d 65 7b |l Med}..|$Volume{|
|000060f0| 31 37 7d 0d 0a 24 50 61 | 67 65 7b 39 31 35 2d 39 |17}..$Pa|ge{915-9|
|00006100| 32 35 7d 0d 0a 24 44 61 | 74 65 7b 4e 6f 76 65 6d |25}..$Da|te{Novem|
|00006110| 62 65 72 20 31 39 38 37 | 7d 0d 0a 24 59 42 56 6f |ber 1987|}..$YBVo|
|00006120| 6c 7b 31 39 38 39 20 59 | 65 61 72 20 42 6f 6f 6b |l{1989 Y|ear Book|
|00006130| 20 6f 66 20 50 73 79 63 | 68 69 61 74 72 79 20 61 | of Psyc|hiatry a|
|00006140| 6e 64 20 61 6e 64 20 41 | 70 70 6c 69 65 64 20 4d |nd and A|pplied M|
|00006150| 65 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 65 | 61 6c 74 68 7d 0d 0a 24 |ental He|alth}..$|
|00006160| 43 68 61 70 74 65 72 7b | 31 33 2d 36 33 7d 0d 0a |Chapter{|13-63}..|
|00006170| 24 59 42 45 64 69 74 6f | 72 7b 44 72 73 2e 20 54 |$YBEdito|r{Drs. T|
|00006180| 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 2c 20 | 46 72 61 6e 63 65 73 2c |albott, |Frances,|
|00006190| 20 46 72 65 65 64 6d 61 | 6e 2c 20 4d 65 6c 74 7a | Freedma|n, Meltz|
|000061a0| 65 72 2c 20 53 63 68 6f | 77 61 6c 74 65 72 2c 20 |er, Scho|walter, |
|000061b0| 61 6e 64 20 57 65 69 6e | 65 72 7d 0d 0a 24 54 61 |and Wein|er}..$Ta|
|000061c0| 62 6c 65 7b 7d 0d 0a 24 | 43 6f 6d 6d 65 6e 74 61 |ble{}..$|Commenta|
|000061d0| 74 6f 72 7b 4a 2e 41 2e | 20 54 61 6c 62 6f 74 74 |tor{J.A.| Talbott|
|000061e0| 2c 20 4d 2e 44 2e 7d 0d | 0a 0d 0a 43 6f 70 79 72 |, M.D.}.|...Copyr|
|000061f0| 69 67 68 74 20 28 63 29 | 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 6f |ight (c)| Year Bo|
|00006200| 6f 6b 20 4d 65 64 69 63 | 61 6c 20 50 75 62 6c 69 |ok Medic|al Publi|
|00006210| 73 68 65 72 73 2c 20 49 | 6e 63 2e 2c 20 31 39 38 |shers, I|nc., 198|
|00006220| 39 0d 0a 0d 0a 31 39 38 | 39 20 59 65 61 72 20 42 |9....198|9 Year B|
|00006230| 6f 6f 6b 20 6f 66 20 50 | 73 79 63 68 69 61 74 72 |ook of P|sychiatr|
|00006240| 79 20 61 6e 64 20 41 70 | 70 6c 69 65 64 20 4d 65 |y and Ap|plied Me|
|00006250| 6e 74 61 6c 20 48 65 61 | 6c 74 68 20 28 52 29 0d |ntal Hea|lth (R).|
|00006260| 0a 0d 0a 43 68 61 70 74 | 65 72 20 31 33 2d 2d 43 |...Chapt|er 13--C|
|00006270| 6f 6d 6d 75 6e 69 74 79 | 20 50 73 79 63 68 69 61 |ommunity| Psychia|
|00006280| 74 72 79 0d 0a 0d 0a 56 | 69 6f 6c 65 6e 63 65 0d |try....V|iolence.|
|00006290| 0a 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |...-----|--------|
|000062a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000062b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000062c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000062d0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000062e0| 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 56 69 6f | 6c 65 6e 63 65 20 69 6e |---..Vio|lence in|
|000062f0| 20 53 6c 65 65 70 3a 20 | 20 4d 65 64 69 63 6f 2d | Sleep: | Medico-|
|00006300| 4c 65 67 61 6c 20 49 73 | 73 75 65 73 20 61 6e 64 |Legal Is|sues and|
|00006310| 20 54 77 6f 20 43 61 73 | 65 20 52 65 70 6f 72 74 | Two Cas|e Report|
|00006320| 73 0d 0a 0d 0a 48 6f 77 | 61 72 64 20 43 2c 20 44 |s....How|ard C, D|
|00006330| 27 4f 72 62 61 6e 20 50 | 54 0d 0a 28 52 6f 79 61 |'Orban P|T..(Roya|
|00006340| 6c 20 46 72 65 65 20 48 | 6f 73 70 2c 20 4c 6f 6e |l Free H|osp, Lon|
|00006350| 64 6f 6e 29 0d 0a 50 73 | 79 63 68 6f 6c 20 4d 65 |don)..Ps|ychol Me|
|00006360| 64 20 31 37 3a 39 31 35 | 2d 39 32 35 2c 20 4e 6f |d 17:915|-925, No|
|00006370| 76 65 6d 62 65 72 20 31 | 39 38 37 0d 0a 2d 2d 2d |vember 1|987..---|
|00006380| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|00006390| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000063a0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000063b0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d |--------|--------|
|000063c0| 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d | 2d 2d 2d 2d 2d 0d 0a 0d |--------|-----...|
|000063d0| 0a 41 62 73 74 72 61 63 | 74 0d 0a 0d 0a 20 20 20 |.Abstrac|t.... |
|000063e0| 20 20 54 77 6f 20 70 61 | 74 69 65 6e 74 73 20 77 | Two pa|tients w|
|000063f0| 65 72 65 20 65 6e 63 6f | 75 6e 74 65 72 65 64 20 |ere enco|untered |
+--------+-------------------------+-------------------------+--------+--------+
Only 25.0 KB of data is shown above.
